Search results
Results From The WOW.Com Content Network
Hepcidin, a peptide hormone that regulates iron homeostasis. Insulin-like growth factor 1, a polypeptide protein hormone which plays an important role in childhood growth and continues to have anabolic effects in adults; Thrombopoietin, a glycoprotein hormone that regulates the production of platelets by the bone marrow
[6] [12] The modification affects processes like the cells response to cellular stress, the cell cycle, protein stability and protein turnover. It may be implicated in neurodegenerative diseases like Parkinson's and late-onset Alzheimer's [ 1 ] [ 12 ] [ 13 ] and has been found to play a role in diabetes .
For these purposes, hepatocytes are usually isolated from animal or human [8] whole liver or liver tissue by collagenase digestion, which is a two-step process. In the first step, the liver is placed in an isotonic solution, in which calcium is removed to disrupt cell-cell tight junctions by the use of a calcium chelating agent.
Bile acid:sodium symporters participate in the enterohepatic circulation of bile acids.Two homologous transporters are involved in the reabsorption of bile acids. One of these absorbs bile acids from the intestinal lumen, the bile duct, and the kidney with an apical localization (ileal sodium/bile acid cotransporter).
While all animal cells are capable of synthesizing glutathione, glutathione synthesis in the liver has been shown to be essential. GCLC knockout mice die within a month of birth due to the absence of hepatic GSH synthesis. [4] [5] The unusual gamma amide linkage in glutathione protects it from hydrolysis by peptidases. [6]
For instance, Aminopeptidase N (AP-N) is particularly abundant in the brush border membranes of the kidney, the small intestine, and the placenta, and is also found in the liver. [4] AP-N is involved in the final digestion of peptides generated from the hydrolysis (cleaving) of proteins by gastric and pancreatic proteases .
Is expressed by renal tubular cells, liver cells and pancreatic beta cells. It is also present in the basolateral membrane of the small intestine epithelium. Bidirectionality is required in liver cells to uptake glucose for glycolysis and glycogenesis, and release of glucose during gluconeogenesis. In pancreatic beta cells, free flowing glucose ...
While the mouse liver almost exclusively expresses PEPCK-C, humans equally present a mitochondrial isozyme (PEPCK-M). PEPCK-M has gluconeogenic potential per se. [ 2 ] Therefore, the role of PEPCK-C and PEPCK-M in gluconeogenesis may be more complex and involve more factors than was previously believed.