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Fungal infection, also known as mycosis, is a disease caused by fungi. [ 5 ] [ 13 ] Different types are traditionally divided according to the part of the body affected; superficial, subcutaneous , and systemic.
Tinea corporis (also known as "ringworm", [2] tinea circinata, [11] and tinea glabrosa [2]) is a superficial fungal infection (dermatophytosis) of the arms and legs, especially on glabrous skin; however, it may occur on any part of the body, it present as annular, marginated plaque with thin scale and clear center.
The ointment successfully controlled the mycoses in 73.3% of the affected patients. It was very effective in treating Pityriasis versicolor , Tinea pedia and Candida intertrigo , with 100% cure. Oyelami et al. (2003) concluded that Acalypha wilkesiana ointment can be used to treat superficial mycoses.
Worldwide, superficial fungal infections caused by dermatophytes are estimated to infect around 20-25% of the population and it is thought that dermatophytes infect 10-15% of the population during their lifetime. [31] [32] The highest incidence of superficial mycoses result from dermatophytoses which are most prevalent in tropical regions.
Tinea nigra, also known as superficial phaeohyphomycosis and Tinea nigra palmaris et plantaris, [2] is a superficial fungal infection, a type of phaeohyphomycosis rather than a tinea, that causes usually a single 1–5 cm dark brown-black, non-scaly, flat, painless patch on the palms of the hands and the soles of the feet of healthy people. [1]
Piedraia hortae is a dermatophyte and causes a superficial fungal infection known as black piedra, which causes the formation of black nodules on the hair shaft and leads to progressive weakening of the hair. [3] The infection usually infects hairs on the scalp and beard, but other varieties tend to grow on pubic hairs.
Epidermophyton is a genus of fungus causing superficial and cutaneous mycoses, including E. floccosum, and causes tinea corporis (ringworm), tinea cruris (jock itch), tinea pedis (athlete's foot), and tinea unguium (fungal infection of the nail bed).
The epidermis is the most superficial layer of skin, a squamous epithelium with several strata: the stratum corneum, stratum lucidum, stratum granulosum, stratum spinosum, and stratum basale. [8] Nourishment is provided to these layers by diffusion from the dermis since the epidermis is without direct blood supply.