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The green algae (sg.: green alga) are a group of chlorophyll-containing autotrophic eukaryotes consisting of the phylum Prasinodermophyta and its unnamed sister group that contains the Chlorophyta and Charophyta/Streptophyta. The land plants (Embryophytes) have emerged deep within the charophytes as a sister of the Zygnematophyceae.
The Chlorophyceae are one of the classes of green algae, distinguished mainly on the basis of ultrastructural morphology. [2] They are usually green due to the dominance of pigments chlorophyll a and chlorophyll b. The chloroplast may be discoid, plate-like, reticulate, cup-shaped, spiral- or ribbon-shaped in different species.
Among the green algae, the genus Chlorotetraedron appears similar, but differs from Tetraedron in its ability to produce zoospores. [2] Many species formerly included within the genus Tetraedron are now understood to be xanthophyte or eustigmatophyte algae, groups which are unrelated to Tetraedron.
Mattox and Stewart 1984) – green algae (part) and land plants; Charophyta sensu lato, as used by Adl et al., is a monophyletic group which is made up of some green algae, including the stoneworts (Charophyta sensu stricto), as well as the land plants (embryophytes). Sub-divisions other than Streptophytina (below) were not given by Adl et al.
The Ulvophyceae or ulvophytes are a class of green algae, [3] distinguished mainly on the basis of ultrastructural morphology, life cycle and molecular phylogenetic data. [4] The sea lettuce, Ulva, belongs here. Other well-known members include Caulerpa, Codium, Acetabularia, Cladophora, Trentepohlia and Monostroma.
Zygnematophyceae (or Conjugatophyceae) is a class of green algae in the paraphylum streptophyte algae, also referred to as Charophyta, [2] consisting of more than 4000 described species. [3] The Zygnematophyceae are the sister clade of the Embryophyta (land plants). [4] [5] [6]
The Udoteaceae (Bryopsidales, Chlorophyta) consists of multinucleated green macroalgae found in tropical regions. Udotea is described to have an erect thalli that is coenocytic with three main parts: an uncalcified rhizoid that serves as an anchor to different substrates (e.g. rock, sand, mud); an uncalcified upright stalk with a cortex, also known as its stipe; and a fan-shaped calcified ...
Members of this genus are coccoid cells measuring 2–4 μm, characterized by having one green, often crescent-shaped chloroplast shaped with a starch grain, thylakoids that occur singly and in stacks of three, one central nucleus, one mitochondrion located between the nucleus and the chloroplast, 1–2 vacuoles present at the cell periphery that may contain particles, and a smooth surface of ...