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Startle-evoked movement — involuntary initiation of a planned movement in response to a startling stimulus. Startle reflex; Sucking reflex — a primitive reflex, sucking at anything that touches the roof of an infant's mouth. Stretch reflex
In biology, a reflex, or reflex action, is an involuntary, unplanned sequence or action [1] and nearly instantaneous response to a stimulus. [2] [3] The simplest reflex is initiated by a stimulus, which activates an afferent nerve. The signal is then passed to a response neuron, which generates a response.
Reflex circuits vary in complexity—the simplest spinal reflexes are mediated by a two-element chain, of which in the human body there is only one, also called a monosynaptic reflex (there is only one synapse between the two neurones taking part in the arc: sensory and motor). The singular example of a monosynaptic reflex is the patellar reflex.
An involuntary action is one that is unintentional, i.e. without volition or will; see volition (psychology) and will (philosophy). Involuntary may also refer to: Involuntary, a 2008 Swedish film by Ruben Östlund "Involuntary", a song on the M. Ward album Transfiguration of Vincent; Involuntary action of the body, also known as reflex
James suggests, for example, that the idea of a particular movement is a voluntary action; however, the movement itself, once the idea has been formed, is involuntary, provided the action itself require no further thought. [3] Voluntary action arises because humans and animals wish to fulfill desires.
Automatic and controlled processes (ACP) are the two categories of cognitive processing.All cognitive processes fall into one or both of those two categories. The amounts of "processing power", attention, and effort a process requires is the primary factor used to determine whether it's a controlled or an automatic process.
In anatomy, the extrapyramidal system is a part of the motor system network causing involuntary actions. [1] The system is called extrapyramidal to distinguish it from the tracts of the motor cortex that reach their targets by traveling through the pyramids of the medulla .
Coercion involves compelling a party to act in an involuntary manner through the use of threats, including threats to use force against that party. [1] [2] [need quotation to verify] [3] It involves a set of forceful actions which violate the free will of an individual in order to induce a desired response.