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If an atom has more electrons than protons, then it has an overall negative charge and is called a negative ion (or anion). Conversely, if it has more protons than electrons, it has a positive charge and is called a positive ion (or cation). The electrons of an atom are attracted to the protons in an atomic nucleus by the electromagnetic force.
The current theoretical model of the atom involves a dense nucleus surrounded by a probabilistic "cloud" of electrons. Atomic theory is the scientific theory that matter is composed of particles called atoms. The definition of the word "atom" has changed over the years in response to scientific discoveries.
The school founder's traditional name Kanada means 'atom eater', [45] and he is known for developing the foundations of an atomistic approach to physics and philosophy in the Sanskrit text Vaiśeṣika Sūtra. [46] His text is also known as Kanada Sutras, or Aphorisms of Kanada. [47] [48]
Depiction of a hydrogen atom showing the diameter as about twice the Bohr model radius. (Image not to scale) A hydrogen atom is an atom of the chemical element hydrogen.The electrically neutral hydrogen atom contains a single positively charged proton in the nucleus, and a single negatively charged electron bound to the nucleus by the Coulomb force.
A chemical element, often simply called an element, is a type of atom which has a specific number of protons in its atomic nucleus (i.e., a specific atomic number, or Z). [ 1 ] The definitive visualisation of all 118 elements is the periodic table of the elements , whose history along the principles of the periodic law was one of the founding ...
Given a measurable space (,) and a measure on that space, a set in is called an atom if > and for any measurable subset , either () = or () = (). [ 1 ] The equivalence class of A {\displaystyle A} is defined by [ A ] := { B ∈ Σ : μ ( A Δ B ) = 0 } , {\displaystyle [A]:=\{B\in \Sigma :\mu (A\Delta B)=0\},} where Δ {\displaystyle \Delta ...
Nuclear binding energy, the energy required to split a nucleus of an atom. Nuclear potential energy , the potential energy of the particles inside an atomic nucleus. Nuclear reaction , a process in which nuclei or nuclear particles interact, resulting in products different from the initial ones; see also nuclear fission and nuclear fusion .
6th - 2nd Century BCE Kanada (philosopher) proposes that anu is an indestructible particle of matter, an "atom"; anu is an abstraction and not observable. [1] 430 BCE [2] Democritus speculates about fundamental indivisible particles—calls them "atoms"