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  2. Covariant return type - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Covariant_return_type

    Covariant return types have been (partially) allowed in the Java language since the release of JDK5.0, [2] so the following example wouldn't compile on a previous release: // Classes used as return types: class A { } class B extends A { } // "Class B is narrower than class A" // Classes demonstrating method overriding: class C { A getFoo ...

  3. Value object - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Value_object

    In C#, a class is a reference type while a struct (concept derived from the struct in C language) is a value type. [5] Hence an instance derived from a class definition is an object while an instance derived from a struct definition is said to be a value object (to be precise a struct can be made immutable to represent a value object declaring attributes as readonly [6]).

  4. Method overriding - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Method_overriding

    In C#, class methods, indexers, properties and events can all be overridden. Non-virtual or static methods cannot be overridden. The overridden base method must be virtual, abstract, or override. In addition to the modifiers that are used for method overriding, C# allows the hiding of an inherited property or method.

  5. Comparison of programming languages (object-oriented ...

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comparison_of_programming...

    C# class name « : «parentclass ... Java class name ... Hash code Object ID Human-readable Source-compatible ABAP Objects — APL (Dyalog)

  6. Covariance and contravariance (computer science) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Covariance_and_contra...

    Early versions of Java and C# did not include generics, also termed parametric polymorphism. In such a setting, making arrays invariant rules out useful polymorphic programs. For example, consider writing a function to shuffle an array, or a function that tests two arrays for equality using the Object. equals method on the elements. The ...

  7. Comparison of C Sharp and Java - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comparison_of_C_Sharp_and_Java

    C# has a static class syntax (not to be confused with static inner classes in Java), which restricts a class to only contain static methods. C# 3.0 introduces extension methods to allow users to statically add a method to a type (e.g., allowing foo.bar() where bar() can be an imported extension method working on the type of foo ).

  8. Bridge pattern - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bridge_pattern

    The Bridge design pattern is one of the twenty-three well-known GoF design patterns that describe how to solve recurring design problems to design flexible and reusable object-oriented software, that is, objects that are easier to implement, change, test, and reuse.

  9. Boxing (computer programming) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boxing_(computer_programming)

    C# doesn't support automatic unboxing in the same meaning as Java, because it doesn't have a separate set of primitive types and object types. All types that have both primitive and object version in Java, are automatically implemented by the C# compiler as either primitive (value) types or object (reference) types.