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In electronics testing and servicing, an isolation transformer is a 1:1 (under load) power transformer used for safety. Without it, exposed live metal in a device under test is at a hazardous voltage relative to grounded objects such as a heating radiator or oscilloscope ground lead (a particular hazard with some old vacuum-tube equipment with ...
Transformers couple by magnetic flux. Except for the autotransformer, the primary and secondary windings of a transformer are not electrically connected to each other. The voltage difference that may safely be applied between windings without risk of breakdown (the isolation voltage) is specified in kilovolts by an industry standard.
A "wet" type will maintain its characteristics while passing the DC current needed to seize the telephone line (signal off-hook to the central office). It is also made with a gapped magnetic core that is not used in normal transformers. A "dry" isolation transformer need not carry DC current and an alternative DC path would be provided. [2]
The primary winding of the transformer is connected to the high voltage or high current circuit, and the meter or relay is connected to the secondary circuit. Instrument transformers may also be used as an isolation transformer so that secondary quantities may be used in phase shifting without affecting other primary connected devices. [1]
A 120:120 instrument isolation transformer showing two polarity marking conventions. Voltage transformers (VT), also called potential transformers (PT), are a parallel-connected type of instrument transformer. They are designed to present a negligible load to the supply being measured and have an accurate voltage ratio and phase relationship to ...
In electrical engineering, isolated-phase bus (IPB), also known as phase-isolated bus (PIB) in some countries, is a method of construction for circuits carrying very large currents, typically between a generator and its step-up transformer in a steam or large hydroelectric power plant. Isolated phase bus during installation at the Bui Dam Ghana ...
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