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Pseudocode is commonly used in textbooks and scientific publications related to computer science and numerical computation to describe algorithms in a way that is accessible to programmers regardless of their familiarity with specific programming languages.
To convert, the program reads each symbol in order and does something based on that symbol. The result for the above examples would be (in reverse Polish notation) "3 4 +" and "3 4 2 1 − × +", respectively. The shunting yard algorithm will correctly parse all valid infix expressions, but does not reject all invalid expressions.
The algorithm works recursively by splitting an expression into its constituent subexpressions, from which the NFA will be constructed using a set of rules. [3] More precisely, from a regular expression E, the obtained automaton A with the transition function Δ [clarification needed] respects the following properties:
Negamax can be implemented without the color parameter. In this case, the heuristic evaluation function must return values from the point of view of the node's current player (Ex: In a chess game, if it is white's turn and white is winning, it should return a positive value. However if it is black's turn, it should return a negative value).
The pseudocode below uses a function ccw: ccw > 0 if three points make a counter-clockwise turn, ccw < 0 if clockwise, and ccw = 0 if collinear. (In real applications, if the coordinates are arbitrary real numbers, the function requires exact comparison of floating-point numbers, and one has to beware of numeric singularities for "nearly ...
In pseudocode, this algorithm would look as follows. The algorithm does not use complex numbers and manually simulates complex-number operations using two real numbers, for those who do not have a complex data type. The program may be simplified if the programming language includes complex-data-type operations.
For the sake of simplicity, the description below assumes that the points are in general position, i.e., no three points are collinear.The algorithm may be easily modified to deal with collinearity, including the choice whether it should report only extreme points (vertices of the convex hull) or all points that lie on the convex hull [citation needed].
At various times, Microsoft has said P-code is an abbreviation for either packed code [7] or pseudo code. [8] Microsoft P-code was used in Visual C++ and Visual Basic. Like other P-code implementations, Microsoft P-code enabled a more compact executable at the expense of slower execution.