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The volume of tear in the eye depends on two factors, drainage through the lacrimal passages and evaporation. Factors like decreased tear production, increased evaporation rate, tearfilm instability, tear hyperosmolarity, inflammations, ocular surface damages etc. can cause dryness to the eyes. [2]
Tears are a clear liquid secreted by the lacrimal glands (tear gland) found in the eyes of all land mammals. [1] Tears are made up of water, electrolytes, proteins, lipids, and mucins that form layers on the surface of eyes. [ 2 ]
The mucous layer contains mucins, gelatinous glycoproteins, which allow for an even distribution of the tear film over the corneal surface and decreased friction during blinking. [3] Artificial tears are used to supplement a patient's naturally-produced tears and increase eye lubrication by mimicking characteristics of the tear film. [4]
The salt water in tears is produced by the lacrimal, aka tear, gland. The mucus and oil come from other glands. When we cry, the body is making a higher volume of saltwater than it does at baseline.
Punctal plugs may be used to increase the amount of lubrication on the surface of the eyeball by blocking some of the tear-drainage ducts. Eye drops may also be used to provide additional lubrication or to stimulate the eyes to increase tear production.
The immunosuppressant cyclosporine (ciclosporin) may be recommended to increase tear production and, for short term use, topical corticosteroid medications are also sometimes helpful to reduce inflammation. [6] Another treatment that is sometimes suggested is lacrimal plugs that prevent tears from draining from the surface of the eye.
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