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Instead of seeds, mushrooms reproduce through spores. Spores can be contaminated with airborne microorganisms, which will interfere with mushroom growth and prevent a healthy crop. Mycelium, or actively growing mushroom culture, is placed on a substrate—usually sterilized grains such as rye or millet—and induced to grow into those grains ...
Mycelium, or actively growing mushroom culture, is placed on a substrate—usually sterilized grains such as rye or millet—and induced to grow into those grains. This is called inoculation. Inoculated grains (or plugs) are referred to as spawn. Spores are another inoculation option, but are less developed than established mycelium.
The fungus forms mushrooms for spreading spores. For most species, the fungus grows long pseudorhizas to the surface of the ground, where mushrooms are formed. [13] For T. microcarpus, the mushrooms grow from fragments of fungus garden that are carried outside the nest by worker termites. [14]
Fruitbodies are termed epigeous if they grow on the ground, while those that grow underground are hypogeous. Epigeous sporocarps that are visible to the naked eye, especially fruitbodies of a more or less agaricoid morphology, are often called mushrooms. Epigeous sporocarps have mycelia that extend underground far beyond the mother sporocarp.
In trilete spores, each spore shows three narrow lines radiating from a center pole. [8] This shows that four spores shared a common origin and were initially in contact with each other forming a tetrahedron. [3] A wider aperture in the shape of a groove may be termed a colpus. [8] The number of colpi distinguishes major groups of plants.
The spores are released during periods of high humidity and generally have a night-time or pre-dawn peak concentration in the atmosphere. [1] When basidiospores encounter a favorable substrate, they may germinate, typically by forming hyphae. These hyphae grow outward from the original spore, forming an expanding circle of mycelium.