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The history of numerical control (NC) began when the automation of machine tools first incorporated concepts of abstractly programmable logic, and it continues today with the ongoing evolution of computer numerical control (CNC) technology.
In numerical control systems, the position of the tool is defined by a set of instructions called the part program. Positioning control is handled using either an open-loop or a closed-loop system. In an open-loop system, communication takes place in one direction only: from the controller to the motor.
John T. Parsons (October 11, 1913 – April 18, 2007) pioneered numerical control (NC) for machine tools in the 1940s.. These developments were done in collaboration with his Chief Engineer and Vice President of Engineering, Frank L. Stulen, who Parsons hired when he was head of the Rotary Wing Branch of the Propeller Lab at Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, in April 1946.
Soon after World War II, the numerical control (NC) machine was developed. NC machines used a series of numbers punched on paper tape or punched cards to control their motion. In the 1960s, computers were added to give even more flexibility to the process. Such machines became known as computerized numerical control (CNC) machines. NC and CNC ...
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While working at Parsons Corporation, he invented numerical control of machine tools in collaboration with Parsons. Though Parsons developed many of the core ideas, it was Stulen, as chief engineer, who turned these ideas into working machines and processes.
The development of numerical control was the next major leap in the history of automatic lathes—and it is also what changed the paradigm of what the "manual versus automatic" distinction meant. Beginning in the 1950s, NC lathes began to replace manual lathes and cam-op screw machines, although the displacement of the older technology by CNC ...
G-code (also RS-274) is the most widely used computer numerical control (CNC) and 3D printing programming language.It is used mainly in computer-aided manufacturing to control automated machine tools, as well as for 3D-printer slicer applications.