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Biodegradable implants are made of materials, typically, either water-soluble or metabolizable to degrade into un-harmful byproducts which can be safely excreted by the human body. [2] [4] It is important to note the release of the therapeutic drug is determined by the degradation of the implant and the diffusion rate of the drug substance. [2]
Metallic glasses based on magnesium with zinc and calcium addition are tested as the potential biocompatible metallic biomaterials for biodegradable medical implants [14] Biocompatibility (or tissue compatibility) describes the ability of a material to perform with an appropriate host response when applied as intended.
An implant is a medical device manufactured to replace a missing biological structure, support a damaged biological structure, or enhance an existing biological structure. For example, an implant may be a rod, used to strengthen weak bones. Medical implants are human-made devices, in contrast to a transplant, which is a transplanted biomedical ...
Biodegradable implant materials can now be used for minimally invasive surgical procedures through degradable thermoplastic polymers. These polymers are now able to change their shape with increase of temperature, causing shape memory capabilities as well as easily degradable sutures.
[2] [3] In the field of controlled drug delivery, biodegradable polymers offer tremendous potential either as a drug delivery system alone or in conjunction to functioning as a medical device. [4] In the development of applications of biodegradable polymers, the chemistry of some polymers including synthesis and degradation is reviewed below.
The medical implant is mainly fabricated using stainless steel and titanium alloys for strength and the plastic coating that is done on it acts as an artificial cartilage. [2] The biodegradable metals in this category are magnesium-based [3] and iron-based alloys, though recently zinc has also been investigated. [4]
Titanium dental implants. Titanium was first introduced into surgeries in the 1950s after having been used in dentistry for a decade prior. [1] It is now the metal of choice for prosthetics, internal fixation, inner body devices, and instrumentation. Titanium is used from head to toe in biomedical implants.
Polymer implant eluting drugs. Drug eluting implants encompass a wide range of bioactive implants that can be placed in or near a tissue to provide a controlled, sustained or on demand release of drug while overcoming barriers associated with traditional oral and intravenous drug administration, such as limited bioavailability, metabolism, and toxicity. [1]