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A government interest is compelling if it is essential or necessary rather than a matter of choice, preference, or discretion. [1] When government action infringes an individual's fundamental rights, the government must show that the government's action is necessary to achieve a compelling government interest. The protection of public health ...
Advocacy groups, also known as lobby groups, interest groups, special interest groups, pressure groups, or public associations, use various forms of advocacy or lobbying to influence public opinion and ultimately public policy. [1] They play an important role in the development of political and social systems. [2]
The interests of the agency's constituency (the interest groups) are met, while the needs of consumers (which may be the general public) are passed over. [ 20 ] That public administration may result in benefiting a small segment of the public in this way, may be viewed as problematic for the popular concept of democracy if the general welfare ...
Such groups can include the press (akin to the European 'Fourth Estate'), the people (in sum or as grand juries), and interest groups. The independent administrative agencies of the United States government , while technically part of any one of the three branches, may also be referred to as a ‘fourth branch’.
Crony capitalism, sometimes also called simply cronyism, is a pejorative term used in political discourse to describe a situation in which businesses profit from a close relationship with state power, either through an anti-competitive regulatory environment, direct government largesse, and/or corruption. [1]
The term rent, in the narrow sense of economic rent, was coined by the British 19th-century economist David Ricardo, [4] but rent-seeking only became the subject of durable interest among economists and political scientists more than a century later after the publication of two influential papers on the topic by Gordon Tullock in 1967, [5] and ...
Sometimes referred to as "protectionist groups", "private interest groups" or simply "interest groups". [1] Such groups are normally exclusive, as their membership is usually restricted to the section of society whose interests they represent: for example the British Medical Association (as those seeking to join the BMA must be medical practitioners or students training to enter the profession ...
What this theory fails to take into account is the prospect of overcoming these qualities by garnering support from other groups. By aggregating power with other organizations, interest groups can over-power these non-transferable qualities. In this sense, political pluralism still applies to these aspects.