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The Rawalpindi experiments were experiments involving use of mustard gas carried out by British scientists from Porton Down on hundreds of soldiers from the British Indian Army. These experiments were carried out before and during the Second World War in a military installation at Rawalpindi, in modern-day Pakistan. [1]
During World War II the plant produced ordnance containing mustard gas, and was associated with the development of the Atom Bomb. In the immediate Post-War period the site was used to store German nerve gas, and it was not until the 1950s when Britain relinquished its chemical weapons (CW) capability that the site as a chemical storage facility ...
Smith, Susan I. Toxic Exposures: Mustard Gas and the Health Consequences of World War II in the United States (Rutgers University Press, 2017) online book review; Wattana, Monica, and Tareg Bey. "Mustard gas or sulfur mustard: an old chemical agent as a new terrorist threat." Prehospital and disaster medicine 24.1 (2009): 19-29. online
The mark II gas chamber in Innisfail, 1943. The soldier is spraying it with water to decrease the temperature within. Keen as Mustard is a documentary film researched and directed by Bridget Goodwin detailing secret experiments conducted during World War II on Australian servicemen volunteers to investigate the effects of, and precautions against, mustard gas when used as a weapon in the tropics.
SS John Harvey was a U.S. World War II Liberty ship.This ship is best known for carrying a secret cargo of mustard gas and whose sinking by German aircraft in December 1943 at the port of Bari in south Italy caused an unintentional release of chemical weapons.
This was about 4% of the total chemical weapons produced for that war and only just over 1% of the era's most effective weapon, mustard gas. (U.S. troops suffered less than 6% of gas casualties.) [3] The U.S. also established the First Gas Regiment, which left Washington, D.C., on Christmas Day, 1917, and arrived at the front in May 1918. [2]
Over the years, BHOD was used for storage and testing of chemical weapons, including sarin [4] and mustard gas. [5] Additionally, during World War II, the site also held Italian prisoners of war. [3] The Depot was closed on June 30, 1967, and the Igloo community was abandoned. [1]
The M107 bomb fuse at the nose of the bomb detonated the weapon, allowing for the release of the contents inside. The bomb was designed to carry either white phosphorus (WP) or a mustard agent (H). [1] However, the H bomb filler was found to leak from the bomb when loaded, and the M47 and its variant M47A1 were not allowed to be loaded. [1]