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Rustication is a range of masonry techniques used in classical architecture giving visible surfaces a finish texture that contrasts with smooth, squared-block masonry called ashlar. The visible face of each individual block is cut back around the edges to make its size and placing very clear.
Rustic architecture is a style of architecture in the United States used in rural government and private structures and their landscape interior design. [1]
Rustication, occasionally rustification (literally "to or of the countryside"), may refer to: Rustication (architecture) , a style of masonry giving stones a deliberately rough finish Rustication (academia) , temporary expulsion from a university (literally, to be sent to the countryside)
Architecture is the art and technique of designing and building, ... well-proportioned, functional building needed string courses or rustication, at the very least. [20]
Rustication (architecture), a masonry technique mainly employed in Renaissance architecture; Rustic architecture, an informal architectural style in the United States and Canada with several variations
Gibbs surround is named after the architect James Gibbs, who often used it and popularized it in England, for example at St Martin-in-the-Fields in London. Here the side doors have surrounds with all the details including pediments, while the round-topped windows along the sides have Gibbs surrounds if the broadest definition is used.
It also appears in architecture as a form of rustication where the stone is cut with a pattern of wandering lines. In metalwork, vermiculation is used to form a type of background found in Romanesque enamels, especially on chasse reliquary caskets. In this case the term is used for what is in fact a dense pattern of regular ornament using plant ...
Richardsonian Romanesque is a style of Romanesque Revival architecture named after the American architect Henry Hobson Richardson (1838–1886). The revival style incorporates 11th- and 12th-century southern French, Spanish, and Italian Romanesque characteristics.