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The Hill equation reflects the occupancy of macromolecules: the fraction that is saturated or bound by the ligand. [1] [2] [nb 1] This equation is formally equivalent to the Langmuir isotherm. [3] Conversely, the Hill equation proper reflects the cellular or tissue response to the ligand: the physiological output of the system, such as muscle ...
The first description of cooperative binding to a multi-site protein was developed by A.V. Hill. [4] Drawing on observations of oxygen binding to hemoglobin and the idea that cooperativity arose from the aggregation of hemoglobin molecules, each one binding one oxygen molecule, Hill suggested a phenomenological equation that has since been named after him:
The EC 50 represents the point of inflection of the Hill equation, beyond which increases of [A] have less impact on E. In dose response curves, the logarithm of [A] is often taken, turning the Hill equation into a sigmoidal logistic function. In this case, the EC 50 represents the rising section of the sigmoid curve.
For example, if is the reaction rate when we increase , and is the reaction rate when we decrease , then we can use the following two-point formula to estimate the elasticity: ε s v ≃ 1 2 v 1 − v 2 s 1 − s o ( s o v o ) {\displaystyle \varepsilon _{s}^{v}\simeq {\frac {1}{2}}{\frac {v_{1}-v_{2}}{s_{1}-s_{o}}}\left({\frac {s_{o}}{v_{o ...
The Hill equation can be used to describe dose–response relationships, for example ion channel-open-probability vs. ligand concentration. [9] Dose is usually in milligrams, micrograms, or grams per kilogram of body-weight for oral exposures or milligrams per cubic meter of ambient air for inhalation exposures. Other dose units include moles ...
However, a series of publications by Popova and Sel'kov [2] derived the MWC rate equation for the reversible, multi-substrate, multi-product reaction. The same problem applies to the classic Hill equation which is almost always shown in an irreversible form. Hofmeyr and Cornish-Bowden first published the reversible form of the Hill equation. [1]
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Hill equation may refer to Hill equation (biochemistry) Hill differential equation This page was last edited on 28 ...