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The Warburg hypothesis (/ ˈvɑːrbʊərɡ /), sometimes known as the Warburg theory of cancer, postulates that the driver of tumorigenesis is an insufficient cellular respiration caused by insult to mitochondria. [1] The term Warburg effect in oncology describes the observation that cancer cells, and many cells grown in vitro, exhibit glucose ...
Warburg effect (oncology) In oncology, the Warburg effect (/ ˈvɑːrbʊərɡ /) is the observation that most cancer use aerobic glycolysis for energy generation rather than the mechanisms used by non-cancerous cells. [1] This observation was first published by Otto Heinrich Warburg, [2] who was awarded the 1931 Nobel Prize in Physiology for ...
Hypoxia is a condition in which the body or a region of the body is deprived of adequate oxygen supply at the tissue level. [ 1 ] Hypoxia may be classified as either generalized, affecting the whole body, or local, affecting a region of the body. [ 2 ] Although hypoxia is often a pathological condition, variations in arterial oxygen ...
This phenomenon is called the Warburg effect and is found primarily in cancer cells. [9] Muscles cells under great exertion will also use lactic acid fermentation to supplement aerobic respiration. Lactic acid fermentation is somewhat faster, although less efficient, than aerobic respiration, so in activities like sprinting it can help quickly ...
The control of ventilation is the physiological mechanisms involved in the control of breathing, which is the movement of air into and out of the lungs. Ventilation facilitates respiration. Respiration refers to the utilization of oxygen and balancing of carbon dioxide by the body as a whole, or by individual cells in cellular respiration. [ 1 ]
265130. Anatomical terminology. [edit on Wikidata] The respiratory tract is the subdivision of the respiratory system involved with the process of conducting air to the alveoli for the purposes of gas exchange in mammals. [1] The respiratory tract is lined with respiratory epithelium as respiratory mucosa. [2]
Ventilation refers to the in-and-out movement of air of the lungs and perfusion is the circulation of blood in the pulmonary capillaries. [1] In mammals, physiological respiration involves respiratory cycles of inhaled and exhaled breaths. Inhalation (breathing in) is usually an active movement that brings air into the lungs where the process ...
The flap of cartilage called the epiglottis stops food from entering the larynx. In humans, the pharynx is part of the digestive system and the conducting zone of the respiratory system . (The conducting zone—which also includes the nostrils of the nose , the larynx , trachea , bronchi , and bronchioles —filters, warms and moistens air and ...