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The trolley problem is a series of thought experiments in ethics, psychology and artificial intelligence involving stylized ethical dilemmas of whether to sacrifice one person to save a larger number. Learn about the original dilemma, variations, empirical research and applications in philosophy, law and artificial intelligence.
Mathematical anxiety, also known as math phobia, is a feeling of tension and anxiety that interferes with math performance and enjoyment. Learn about the causes, effects, measurement, and interventions of math anxiety from this Wikipedia article.
Clever Hans was a horse that was claimed to perform arithmetic and other intellectual tasks, but was later found to be responding to involuntary cues from his trainer. The phenomenon of responding to such cues is known as the Clever Hans effect and has implications for experimental design and animal cognition.
Oskar Pfungst (21 April 1874 – 14 August 1932) was a German comparative biologist and psychologist. While working as a volunteer assistant in the laboratory of Carl Stumpf in Berlin, Pfungst was asked to investigate the horse known as Clever Hans, who could apparently solve a wide array of arithmetic problems set to it by its owner.
Functional fixedness is a cognitive bias that limits a person to use an object only in the way it is traditionally used. Learn about the origin, research, and current conceptual relevance of this phenomenon, and see examples of problems that test functional fixedness.
Mathematical psychology is an approach to psychological research that uses mathematical modeling and quantitative methods to study perceptual, cognitive and motor processes. Learn about the history, major research areas, and applications of mathematics in psychology.
The Linda problem is a classic example of a formal fallacy that violates the laws of probability. It involves a description of a woman named Linda and two options: she is a bank teller or she is a bank teller and active in the feminist movement.
Problem solving is the process of achieving a goal by overcoming obstacles, ranging from simple personal tasks to complex issues in various fields. The web page explains the different types, methods, and approaches of problem solving in psychology, cognitive sciences, computer science, and logic.