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Live births are recorded on a U.S. Standard Certificate of Live Birth, also known as a birth certificate. [4] The United States recorded 3,605,201 live births in 2020 which is a 4% decrease from 2019 and the 6th consecutive year of decline in births. [5] Not all pregnancies result in live births. A woman may choose to end her pregnancy by abortion.
A pregnant woman sleeping on her back after 28 weeks of pregnancy may be a risk factor for stillbirth. [22] [27] After a stillbirth there is a 2.5% risk of another stillbirth in the next pregnancy (an increase from 0.4%). [28] In the United States, highest rates of stillbirths happen in pregnant women who: [29] are of low socioeconomic status
The American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists divides full term into three divisions: [40] Early-term: 37 weeks and 0 days through 38 weeks and 6 days; Full-term: 39 weeks and 0 days through 40 weeks and 6 days; Late-term: 41 weeks and 0 days through 41 weeks and 6 days; Post-term: greater than or equal to 42 weeks and 0 days
The World Health Organization defines perinatal mortality as the "number of stillbirths and deaths in the first week of life per 1,000 total births, the perinatal period commences at 22 completed weeks (154 days) of gestation, [3] and ends seven completed days after birth", [4] but other definitions have been used. [5]
Postterm pregnancy is when a woman has not yet delivered her baby after 42 weeks of gestation, two weeks beyond the typical 40-week duration of pregnancy. [1] Postmature births carry risks for both the mother and the baby, including fetal malnutrition, meconium aspiration syndrome, and stillbirths. [2]
Maternal mortality ratio per 100,000 live births. [1] From Our World in Data (using World Health Organization definition): "The maternal mortality ratio (MMR) is defined as the number of maternal deaths during a given time period per 100,000 live births during the same time period. It depicts the risk of maternal death relative to the number of ...
The study determined that the risk of stillbirth per 1000 births after 40, 41 and 42 weeks of gestation were 0.42, 0.61 and 1.08, respectively. [21] Thus, it is important to acknowledge the probabilistic evidence when discussing formal medical inductions, because it highlights the how small the likelihood of having a stillbirth post-term is.
Parental relationships are at a higher risk of dissolution following a miscarriage or stillbirth compared to relationships after a live birth. [34] The impact of a miscarriage on a relationship typically manifests within the first two to three years, whereas the effects of a stillbirth can persist for up to a decade. [34]