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In Buddhist philosophy, svasaṃvedana (also svasaṃvitti) is a term which refers to the self-reflexive nature of consciousness, [1] that is, the awareness of being aware. It was initially a theory of cognition held by the Mahasamghika and Sautrantika schools while the Sarvastivada - Vaibhasika school argued against it.
It is said that the world is empty, the world is empty, lord. In what respect is it said that the world is empty?" The Buddha replied, "In so far as it is empty of a self or of anything pertaining to a self: Thus it is said, Ānanda, that the world is empty." According to the American monastic Thanissaro Bhikku:
The Buddhist denial of an unchanging, permanent self is what distinguishes Buddhism from major religions of the world such as Christianity and Hinduism, giving it uniqueness, asserts the Theravada tradition. [43] With the doctrine of Anattā, stands or falls the entire Buddhist structure, asserts Nyanatiloka Mahathera. [44]
In Buddhism, the three marks of existence are three characteristics (Pali: tilakkhaṇa; Sanskrit: त्रिलक्षण trilakṣaṇa) of all existence and beings, namely anicca (impermanence), dukkha (commonly translated as "suffering" or "cause of suffering", "unsatisfactory", "unease"), [note 1] and anattā (without a lasting essence).
Kulatissa Nanda Jayatilleke (1 November 1920 – 23 July 1970) was an internationally recognised authority on Buddhist philosophy whose book Early Buddhist Theory of Knowledge has been described as "an outstanding philosophical interpretation of the Buddha's teaching" in the Encyclopedia of Philosophy. [1]
The apoha theory is an attempt to bridge the gap between what the Buddhists saw as the ontologically dichotomous entities of the particular (svalakṣaṇa) and the universal (sāmānyalakṣaṇa). A particular is, according to the Buddhists of the logico-epistemological school, a real object that is composed of an infinite number of unique ...
It is often contrasted with the term rangtong ("self-emptiness"). The term refers to a range of views held by different Tibetan Buddhist figures. [1] The classic shentong view was developed and defended by the Jonang school of Tibetan Buddhism, especially by the great scholar Dölpopa Shérap Gyeltsen (1292–1361). [2]
Ātman (/ ˈ ɑː t m ə n /), attā or attan in Buddhism is the concept of self, and is found in Buddhist literature's discussion of the concept of non-self . [1] Most Buddhist traditions and texts reject the premise of a permanent, unchanging atman (self, soul). [2] [3]