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Chronic periodontitis is initiated by Gram-negative tooth-associated microbial biofilms that elicit a host response, which results in bone and soft tissue destruction. In response to endotoxin derived from periodontal pathogens, several osteoclast-related mediators target the destruction of alveolar bone and supporting connective tissue such as the periodontal ligament.
Deep pockets between the teeth and the gums (pockets are sites where the attachment has been gradually destroyed by collagen-destroying enzymes, known as collagenases) Loose teeth, in the later stages (though this may occur for other reasons, as well) Gingival inflammation and bone destruction are largely painless.
For maxillary first molars, the mean root trunk length is 3-4 mm on the buccal aspect, and 4-5 mm on the mesial aspect and 5-6 mm on the distal aspect. [2] As with mandibular molars, the root trunk lengths for maxillary second and third molars are either the same or slightly greater than for first molars, although the roots may be fused.
Unlike in clinically healthy situations, parts of the sulcular epithelium can sometimes be seen in periodontally involved gingival tissue if air is blown into the periodontal pocket, exposing the newly denuded roots of the tooth. A periodontal pocket can become an infected space and may result in an abscess formation with a papule on the ...
A periodontal abscess involves a greater dimension of the gum tissue, extending apically and adjacent to a periodontal pocket. A pericoronal abscess may occur during an acute episode of pericoronitis in the soft tissue surrounding the crown of a partially or fully erupted tooth, usually around a partially erupted and impacted mandibular third ...
Associated symptoms: Patient may complain of receding gums and/or toothbrush abrasion cavities: Can follow restorative dental work or trauma: Follows period of pain that does not linger: Follows period of spontaneous pain: Tooth may feel raised in socket: May follow report of something getting "stuck" in gum: Tooth eruption ("cutting") or ...
No disease (gingival pockets < 3 mm) 1: Bleeding on probing, but gingival pockets < 3 mm 2: Periodontal pocketing < 3mm, but calculus (dental) present with or without plaque retentive factors such as "overhanging" restorations 3: Shallow periodontal pockets 4 - 5.5 mm (i.e. first band on probe partially visible) 4
Secondary [clarification needed] symptoms of periapical cysts include inflammation and infection of the pulp causing dental caries. This infection is what causes necrosis of the pulp. [4] Larger cysts may cause bone expansion or displace roots. Discoloration of the affected tooth may also occur.