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This type of viral transmission is also known of as vertical transmission. It is thought that mother-to-child HIV transmission most commonly occurs at the time of delivery when the baby comes into direct contact with the mother's infected blood or genital secretions/fluid in the birth canal. [8]
Zidovudine (ZDV), also known as azidothymidine (AZT), was the first antiretroviral medication used to prevent and treat HIV/AIDS. It is generally recommended for use in combination with other antiretrovirals. [6] It may be used to prevent mother-to-child spread during birth or after a needlestick injury or other potential exposure. [6]
Programs to prevent the transmission of HIV from mothers to children can reduce rates of transmission by 92–99%. [ 47 ] [ 57 ] This primarily involves the use of a combination of antivirals during pregnancy and after birth in the infant but also potentially include bottle feeding rather than breastfeeding .
Moreover, medicine has further decreased the frequency of vertical transmission of HIV. The incidence of perinatal HIV cases in the United States has declined as a result of the implementation of recommendations on HIV counselling and voluntary testing practices and the use of zidovudine therapy by providers to reduce perinatal HIV transmission ...
ARVs are also used to prevent vertical transmission of HIV from mother to child during childbirth, and are used to prevent HIV infection from developing immediately after exposure to the virus. [15] Such ARV-based compounds could be formulated into topical microbicides to be administered locally in the rectum or vagina or systemically through ...
The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention estimated in May that between 2018 and 2022, annual U.S. HIV transmissions declined by a modest 12%, from 36,200 to 31,800 cases. Approximately 7 in ...
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