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Jewish cemetery in Holešov, Moravia. Two Jews were killed in a pogrom in the town. Two Jews were killed in a pogrom in the town. After World War I and during the formation of Czechoslovakia , a wave of anti-Jewish rioting and violence was unleashed against Jews and their property, especially stores.
The Jewish population of Bohemia and Moravia (117,551 according to the 1930 census) was virtually annihilated. Many Jews emigrated after 1939; approximately 78,000 were killed. By 1945, some 14,000 Jews remained alive in the Czech lands. [5] Approximately 144,000 Jews were sent to Theresienstadt concentration camp. Most inmates were Czech Jews.
The first anti-Jewish laws in Czechoslovakia were imposed following the 1938 Munich Agreement and the German occupation of the Sudetenland. In March 1939, Germany invaded and partially annexed the rest of the Czech lands as the Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia.
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With the Munich Agreement, which ceded to Germany the region of Czechoslovakia known as the Sudetenland, the flow of refugees increased. Kristalnacht, the anti-Jewish riots in Germany on 9-10 November 1938, also stimulated the flight of refugees. [6] [7] In 1934, 29 non-governmental organizations were assisting refugees in Czechoslovakia. [8]
Interwar Czechoslovakia. The Czechoslovak myth is a narrative that Czechoslovakia between 1918 and 1938 was a tolerant and liberal democratic country, oriented towards Western Europe, and free of antisemitism compared to other countries in Central Europe and Eastern Europe.
On 26 January, Esterházy advised Hungarian government to adopt anti-Jewish law faster or in more radical form than Slovakia. [ 23 ] [ 24 ] This, he believed, would strengthen the position of Hungary in support of her claim to Slovakia after the disintegration of Czechoslovakia.
Already in early 1989, the first signs of thawing relations began to appear between Communist Czechoslovakia and Israel, with meetings held on shared issues, including Jewish religious freedom, the memory of the Holocaust and ties of remaining Czechoslovak Jews with the Diaspora, including the strong Jewish community in the United States.