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The history of accounting or accountancy can be traced to ancient civilizations. [1] [2] [3] The early development of accounting dates to ancient Mesopotamia, and is closely related to developments in writing, counting and money [1] [4] [5] and early auditing systems by the ancient Egyptians and Babylonians. [2]
The earliest known writing for record keeping emerged from a system of accounting that used small clay tokens. The earliest artifacts claimed to be tokens are from Tell Abu Hureyra , a site in the Upper Euphrates valley in Syria dated to the 10th millennium BCE, [ 16 ] and Ganj-i-Dareh Tepe , a site in the Zagros region of Iran dated to the 9th ...
Basse Mesopotamie Akkad-Ur3. The materials collected from the bala taxation system would be recorded by kingdom administrators on clay tablets in cuneiform.There were 10,000-12,000 tablets reportedly found at Puzrish-Dagan (modern Drehem), which was an important administrative center for the bala system, though it has never been officially excavated. [10]
These, initially very small clay tokens, were continually used all the way from the pre-historic Mesopotamia period, 9000 BCE, to the start of the historic period around 3000 BCE, when the use of writing for recording was widely adopted. [5] The clay tablet was thus being used by scribes to record events happening during their time.
The first person to have participated in ancient society to some degree as a banker was named Philostephanos (of Corinth). [25]A slave named Pasion, for a time owned by Archestratos and Antisthenes, who were partners of a banking firm in Peiraieus, was for a time Athens' most important banker, after his manumission to the metic class.
Fragment of the Code of Hammurabi.One of the most important institutions of Mesopotamia and the ancient world. It was a compilation of previous laws (Code of Ur-Namma, Code of Ešnunna) that were shaped and renewed in the time of Hammurabi and was made to be embodied in cuneiform script on sculptures and rocks in all public places throughout the ancient Babylonian state, heir to the Akkadian ...
Mesopotamia (Babylonia and Assyria) 1000 Babylonian talents of silver and 500 eunuch boys: 9%: 3. Mesopotamia X: Ecbatana and the rest of Media along with the Paricanians and Orthocorybantians: 450 Babylonian talents of silver: 4%: 1. Media XI: Caspians, Pausicae, Pantimathi, and Daritae: a joint sum of 200 Babylonian talents of silver: 1.8%: XII
Map showing the extent of Mesopotamia. The Civilization of Mesopotamia ranges from the earliest human occupation in the Paleolithic period up to Late antiquity.This history is pieced together from evidence retrieved from archaeological excavations and, after the introduction of writing in the late 4th millennium BC, an increasing amount of historical sources.