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Fluorine is a chemical element; it has symbol F and atomic number 9. It is the lightest halogen [note 1] and exists at standard conditions as pale yellow diatomic gas. Fluorine is extremely reactive as it reacts with all other elements except for the light inert gases. It is highly toxic.
Out of the four stable halogens, only fluorine and chlorine have reduction potentials higher than that of oxygen, allowing them to form hydrofluoric acid and hydrochloric acid directly through reaction with water. [17] The reaction of fluorine with water is especially hazardous, as an addition of fluorine gas to cold water will produce ...
Reactions with elemental fluorine are often sudden or explosive. Many substances that are generally regarded as unreactive, such as powdered steel, glass fragments, and asbestos fibers, are readily consumed by cold fluorine gas. Wood and even water burn with flames when subjected to a jet of fluorine, without the need for a spark. [12] [13]
This neutralization reaction forms hydrogen fluoride (HF), the conjugate acid of fluoride. In aqueous solution, fluoride has a pK b value of 10.8. It is therefore a weak base, and tends to remain as the fluoride ion rather than generating a substantial amount of hydrogen fluoride. That is, the following equilibrium favours the left-hand side in ...
Hydrogen fluoride is typically produced by the reaction between sulfuric acid and pure grades of the mineral fluorite: [14] CaF 2 + H 2 SO 4 → 2 HF + CaSO 4. About 20% of manufactured HF is a byproduct of fertilizer production, which generates hexafluorosilicic acid. This acid can be degraded to release HF thermally and by hydrolysis: H 2 SiF ...
Oxygen difluoride reacts with water to form hydrofluoric acid: OF 2 + H 2 O → 2 HF + O 2. It can oxidize sulphur dioxide to sulfur trioxide and elemental fluorine: OF 2 + SO 2 → SO 3 + F 2. However, in the presence of UV radiation, the products are sulfuryl fluoride (SO 2 F 2) and pyrosulfuryl fluoride (S 2 O 5 F 2): OF 2 + 2 SO 2 → S 2 O ...
Lithium fluoride is an inorganic compound with the chemical formula LiF. It is a colorless solid that transitions to white with decreasing crystal size. Its structure is analogous to that of sodium chloride, but it is much less soluble in water. It is mainly used as a component of molten salts. [4]
Unit cell of Hg 2 F 2, with F from adjacent molecules coordinating the Hg atoms. In common with other Hg(I) (mercurous) compounds which contain linear X-Hg-Hg-X units, Hg 2 F 2 contains linear FHg 2 F units with an Hg-Hg bond length of 251 pm (Hg-Hg in the metal is 300 pm) and an Hg-F bond length of 214 pm. [5] The overall coordination of each Hg atom is a distorted octahedron; in addition to ...