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GPA treatment depends on the severity of the disease. [8] Severe disease is typically treated with a combination of immunosuppressive medications such as rituximab or cyclophosphamide and high-dose corticosteroids to control the symptoms of the disease, and azathioprine, methotrexate, or rituximab to keep the disease under control.
Cyclophosphamide decreases the immune system's response, and although concerns about toxicity restrict its use to patients with severe disease, it remains an important treatment for life-threatening autoimmune diseases where disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs) have been ineffective.
Glucocorticoids and the immunosuppressant cyclophosphamide are the mainstays of treatment of primary CNS vasculitis. There is also limited evidence for the use of mycophenolate mofetil. [5] The treatment is usually done with an induction phase followed by at least 2 years of maintenance therapy. [5]
The disease spectrum varies from failure of multiple organs to involvement of a single organ. Almost any organ could be impacted; however, polyarteritis nodosa rarely affects the lungs for unknown reasons. [10] Kawasaki disease is a type of systemic vasculitis of medium-sized vessels with an acute onset that primarily affects young children.
Variable vessel vasculitis (VVV) is a kind of vasculitis that may impact vessels of all sizes (small, medium, and large) and any type (arteries, veins, and capillaries), with no particular type of vessel being predominantly affected. [33] This category includes Behcet's disease (BD) and Cogan's syndrome (CS). [8]
Treatment for eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis includes glucocorticoids (such as prednisolone) and other immunosuppressive drugs (such as azathioprine and cyclophosphamide). In many cases, the disease can be put into a type of chemical remission through drug therapy, but the disease is chronic and lifelong. [citation needed]
There is currently no satisfactory treatment for this condition. [8] Immunosuppressive therapy is the most common treatment, involving a mix of glucocorticoids and cyclophosphamide. This is most effective in the early stages and may cause remission of the aneurysms, but is ineffective once the disease has progressed.
Immunsuppressive treatment is the gold standard management in order to achieve remission of the blood vessel inflammation that occurs in active microscopic polyangitis. The current immunosuppressive protocols consists of a combination of high dose of glucocorticoids in combination with either cyclophosphamide or Rituximab . [ 8 ]