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Julian B. Rotter (October 22, 1916 – January 6, 2014) was an American psychologist known for developing social learning theory and research into locus of control. He was a faculty member at Ohio State University and then the University of Connecticut .
Locus of control as a theoretical construct derives from Julian B. Rotter's (1954) social learning theory of personality. It is an example of a problem-solving generalized expectancy, a broad strategy for addressing a wide range of situations.
Rotter's theory is also known as expectancy-value theory due to its central explanatory constructs. Expectancy is defined as the individual's subjectively held probability that a given action will lead to a given outcome. It can range from zero to one, with one representing 100% confidence in the outcome.
The expectancy theory of motivation explains the behavioral process of why individuals choose one behavioral option over the other. This theory explains that individuals can be motivated towards goals if they believe that there is a positive correlation between efforts and performance, the outcome of a favorable performance will result in a desirable reward, a reward from a performance will ...
In 1954, Julian Rotter developed his social learning theory which linked human behavior changes with environmental interactions. Predictable variables were behavior potential, expectancy, reinforcement value and psychological situation. Bandura conducted his bobo doll experiment in 1961 and developed his social learning theory in 1977.
In 1966, Julian Rotter published "Generalized Expectancies for Internal versus External Control of Reinforcement”, in which the term "perceived control" was first used. His work influenced multiple disciplines, including psychology, sociology, economics and health care.
[and] is further compounded because several theories with dissimilar postulates—Dollard and Miller's drive theory, Rotter's expectancy theory, and Patterson's conditioning theory—all bear the social learning label. In the interest of more fitting and separable labeling, the theoretical approach of this book is designated as social cognitive ...
The Rotter Incomplete Sentences Blank is a projective psychological test developed by Julian Rotter and Janet E. Rafferty in 1950. [1] It comes in three forms i.e. school form, college form, adult form for different age groups, and comprises 40 incomplete sentences which the S's has to complete as soon as possible but the usual time taken is around 20 minutes, the responses are usually only 1 ...