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Laser rods (from left to right): Ruby, alexandrite, Er:YAG, Nd:YAG. A solid-state laser is a laser that uses a gain medium that is a solid, rather than a liquid as in dye lasers or a gas as in gas lasers. [1] Semiconductor-based lasers are also in the solid state, but are generally considered as a separate class from solid-state lasers, called ...
Laser types with distinct laser lines are shown above the wavelength bar, while below are shown lasers that can emit in a wavelength range. The height of the lines and bars gives an indication of the maximal power/pulse energy commercially available, while the color codifies the type of laser material (see the figure description for details).
Paulina Porizkova is an inspiration for women everywhere in her fight against ageism and with her killer strength. Case in point: The 58-year-old model recently bared it all on the cover of Elle ...
Alexa Meade (born 1986) is an American installation artist best known for her portraits painted directly onto the human body and inanimate objects in a way that collapses depth and makes her models appear two-dimensional when photographed. What remains is "a photo of a painting of a person, and the real person hidden somewhere underneath." [3]
The Alexandrite effect has also been observed in some other minerals, such as fluorite, sapphire, kyanite, monazite, spinel, garnet, tourmaline, and rare-earth oxalates. Not to be confused with the alexandrite effect, some minerals also exhibit pleochroism. The former is a response to different wavelengths of light in general, the latter an ...
Synthetic alexandrite is an artificially grown crystalline variety of chrysoberyl, composed of beryllium aluminum oxide (BeAl 2 O 4). The name is also often used erroneously to describe synthetically-grown corundum that simulates the appearance of alexandrite , but with a different mineral composition.
Before-and-after photographs taken along the path of the total solar eclipse in North America reveal the stunning, awe-inducing nature of the celestial phenomenon.
A ruby laser most often consists of a ruby rod that must be pumped with very high energy, usually from a flashtube, to achieve a population inversion.The rod is often placed between two mirrors, forming an optical cavity, which oscillate the light produced by the ruby's fluorescence, causing stimulated emission.