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A 10-year-old female beagle with oral cancer. Cancer is the leading cause of death in dogs. [1] It is estimated that 1 in 3 domestic dogs will develop cancer, which is the same incidence of cancer among humans. [2] Dogs can develop a variety of cancers and most are very similar to those found in humans.
Mast cell tumor on lip of a dog. Veterinary oncology is a subspecialty of veterinary medicine that deals with cancer diagnosis and treatment in animals. Cancer is a major cause of death in pet animals. In one study, 45% of the dogs that reached 10 years of age or older died of cancer. [1]
Illustration of venereal granulomata on a dog's penis. A canine transmissible venereal tumor (CTVT), also known as a transmissible venereal tumor (TVT), canine transmissible venereal sarcoma (CTVS), sticker tumor and infectious sarcoma, is a histiocytic tumor of the external genitalia of the dog and other canines, and is transmitted from animal to animal during mating.
Transitional cell carcinoma, a type of cancer most commonly seen in a dog's bladder, may respond to ivermectin in the same way as human renal cell carcinoma. Unfortunately, there is not yet any ...
Treatment may also include chemotherapy or radiation therapy. The most significant prognostic factor is initial surgical treatment. One study showed that cats with radical (extensive) initial surgery had a median time to recurrence of 325 days versus 79 days for cats with marginal initial excision. [3]
Dogs with noninvasive adenocarcinomas have an average survival time of two years, while dogs with invasive adenocarcinomas have an average survival time of one year. [11] Tumor size also affects the prognosis, in that dogs with tumors greater than five centimeters have a greater chance of lymph node metastasis. [12] Tumor type is also important.
Hemangiosarcoma is a rapidly growing, highly invasive variety of cancer that occurs almost exclusively in dogs, and only rarely in cats, horses, mice, [1] or humans (vinyl chloride toxicity). It is a sarcoma arising from the lining of blood vessels; that is, blood-filled channels and spaces are commonly observed microscopically.
The average survival times of dogs treated with prednisone and untreated dogs are both one to two months. [1] Using prednisone alone can cause the cancer to become resistant to other chemotherapy agents, so it should only be used if more aggressive treatment is not an option. Isotretinoin can be used to treat cutaneous lymphoma. [8]