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Because the lepton number conservation law in fact is violated by chiral anomalies, there are problems applying this symmetry universally over all energy scales. However, the quantum number B − L is commonly conserved in Grand Unified Theory models.
A much stronger conservation law is the conservation of the total number of leptons (L with no subscript), conserved even in the case of neutrino oscillations, but even it is still violated by a tiny amount by the chiral anomaly.
Exact conservation laws include conservation of mass-energy, conservation of linear momentum, conservation of angular momentum, and conservation of electric charge. There are also many approximate conservation laws, which apply to such quantities as mass , parity , [ 1 ] lepton number , baryon number , strangeness , hypercharge , etc.
All leptons carry a lepton number L = 1. In addition, leptons carry weak isospin, T 3, which is − 1 / 2 for the three charged leptons (i.e. electron, muon and tau) and + 1 / 2 for the three associated neutrinos. Each doublet of a charged lepton and a neutrino consisting of opposite T 3 are said to constitute one generation of ...
Conservation of angular momentum. Conservation of total (i.e. net) lepton number, which is the number of leptons (such as the electron) minus the number of antileptons (such as the positron); this can be described as a conservation of (net) matter law.
The anomalies that would break baryon number conservation and lepton number conservation individually cancel in such a way that B – L is always conserved. One hypothetical example is proton decay where a proton (B = 1, L = 0) would decay into a pion (B = 0, L = 0) and positron (B = 0, L = –1). The weak hypercharge Y W is related to B – L via
A Polish woman who claimed to be missing Madeleine McCann was arrested upon landing in the UK. Julia Wandelt, who also goes by Julia Wendell and Julia Faustyna, was taken into custody upon ...
The hypothetical concepts of grand unified theory (GUT) models and supersymmetry allows for the changing of a baryon into leptons and antiquarks (see B − L), thus violating the conservation of both baryon and lepton numbers. [5] Proton decay would be an example of such a process taking place, but has never been observed.