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The remaining 50% are due to non-biliary causes. This is because upper abdominal pain and gallstones are both common but are not always related. Non-biliary causes of PCS may be caused by a functional gastrointestinal disorder, such as functional dyspepsia. [6] Chronic diarrhea in postcholecystectomy syndrome is a type of bile acid diarrhea ...
The panniculus (often incorrectly referred to as pannus) [1] is a dense layer of fatty tissue consisting of excess subcutaneous fat within the lower abdominal region. [2] Panniculi can form after rapid weight loss, as seen with strict exercise plans—in this case, the abdominal fat is successfully reduced, but excess skin is left behind which ...
The surgical procedure is typically done in two stages, but it is possible to conduct the surgery in one stage. The first stage is the discontinuation of the waste functions by performing a colostomy and ileal conduit in the upper abdominal quadrants. The second stage is the amputation at the lumbar spine. [5] [6]
Abdomen of a 45-year-old male approximately one month after a laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Surgical incision points are highlighted; the point at top right is barely visible. The gall bladder was removed via the incision at the navel. There is a fourth incision (not shown) on the person's right lower flank, used for draining.
The abdomen is inflated with carbon dioxide gas to facilitate visualization and, often, a small video camera is used to show the procedure on a monitor in the operating room. The surgeon manipulates instruments within the abdominal cavity to perform procedures such as cholecystectomy (gallbladder removal), the most common laparoscopic procedure ...
The skin and fat of the lower abdomen are detached in a more limited fashion from the muscle fascia. The skin is stretched down and excess skin removed. Sometimes the belly button stalk is divided from the muscle below and the belly button slid down lower on the abdominal wall. Sometimes a portion of the abdominal muscle fascia wall is tightened.
Bowel resection may be done as an open surgery, with a long incision in the abdomen. It may also be done laparoscopically or robotically by creating several small incisions in the abdomen through which surgical instruments are inserted. [2] [3] [4] Once the abdomen is accessed by one of these methods the surgery may proceed.
Harry Hancock performed the first abdominal surgery for appendicitis in 1848, but he did not remove the appendix. [26] In 1889 in New York City, Charles McBurney described the presentation and pathogenesis of appendicitis accurately and developed the teaching that an early appendectomy was the best treatment to avoid perforation and peritonitis.