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Anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) was originally discovered in 1994 [5] [7] in anaplastic large-cell lymphoma (ALCL) cells. ALCL is caused by a (2;5)(p23:q35) chromosomal translocation that generates the fusion protein NPM-ALK, in which the kinase domain of ALK is fused to the amino-terminal part of the nucleophosmin (NPM) protein.
ALK, i.e. anaplastic lymphoma kinase, is a protein product of the ALK gene located on chromosome 2. In ALK-positive ALCL, a portion of the ALK gene has merged with another site on the same or different chromosome to form a chimeric gene consisting of part of the new site and part of the ALK gene coding for ALK's activity. [4]
ALK+ large B-cell lymphoma is a type of lymphoma. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] : 378 It was first reported in 1997. [ 2 ] : 378 [ 3 ] [ 4 ] It is a rare, aggressive large B-cell process that shows ALK expression.
ALK inhibitors are anti-cancer drugs that act on tumours with variations of anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) such as an EML4-ALK translocation. [1] They fall under the category of tyrosine kinase inhibitors , which work by inhibiting proteins involved in the abnormal growth of tumour cells.
Plasmablastic lymphoma lesions are most commonly rapidly growing, soft tissue masses [5] that may be ulcerating, bleeding, and/or painful. [6] In a recent (2020) review of published cases, individuals presenting with PBD were typically middle-aged or elderly (range 1–88 years; median age 58 tears) males (~73% of cases). [7]
Crizotinib is indicated for the treatment of metastatic non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) or relapsed or refractory, systemic anaplastic large cell lymphoma (ALCL) that is ALK-positive. [ 2 ] [ 3 ] It is also indicated for the treatment of unresectable, recurrent, or refractory inflammatory anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK)-positive ...
ALK positive lung cancer is a primary malignant lung tumor whose cells contain a characteristic abnormal configuration of DNA wherein, most frequently, the echinoderm microtubule-associated protein-like 4 gene is fused to the anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) gene.
Ceritinib is an anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) inhibitor primarily used for the treatment of ALK positive metastatic NSCLC. [8] [9] Previously, it was only indicated for patients who had developed resistant to crizotinib, another ALK inhibitor, but has since had its usage expanded to serve as a primary option for metastatic NSCLC.