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The siege of Jerusalem in 70 CE was the decisive event of the First Jewish–Roman War (66–73 CE), a major rebellion against Roman rule in the province of Judaea.Led by Titus, the Roman forces besieged the city, which had become the stronghold of Jewish resistance.
Pictured is a receipt of payment from Edfu, dated 110 CE. Following the destruction of the Jerusalem Temple, the Romans imposed a new tax, the Fiscus Judaicus, on all Jews across the Empire. [432] [433] [s] This tax required Jews to pay an annual sum of two drachmas, replacing the half-shekel (maḥatzit ha-sheqel) previously donated to the Temple.
The fourth-century Church Father Eusebius of Caesarea and Epiphanius of Salamis cite a tradition that before the destruction of Jerusalem in AD 70 the early Christians had been warned to flee to Pella in the region of the Decapolis across the Jordan River. The flight to Pella probably did not include the Ebionites. [1] [2]
66 CE: James the Just, the brother of Jesus and first Bishop of Jerusalem, is killed in Jerusalem at the instigation of the high priest Ananus ben Ananus according to Eusebius of Caesarea. [38] The siege of Jerusalem, 70 CE (David Roberts, 1850) 66–73 CE: First Jewish-Roman War, with the Judean rebellion led by Simon Bar Giora
The First Jewish-Roman War ended with the devastating siege and destruction of Jerusalem in 70 CE, including the burning of the Second Temple—the center of Jewish religious and national life. Roman forces destroyed other towns and villages throughout Judaea, causing massive loss of life and displacement of the population. [ 12 ]
Despite the common misconception, Eleazar ben Simon the Zealot is not the same person as Eleazar ben Ya'ir, the Sicarii leader at Masada.In Josephus' Bellum Judaicum, the primary source of the First Jewish-Roman War, important historical figures are introduced with their patrimonial name when they first appear, and addressed by first name in all following appearances.
Jerusalem during the Second Temple period describes the history of the city during the existence there of the Second Temple, from the return to Zion under Cyrus the Great (c. 538 BCE) to the siege and destruction the city by Titus during the First Jewish–Roman War in 70 CE. [1]
Depiction of the destruction of the Second Temple in Jerusalem, 70 CE. This event contributed to the sense of unrest and messianic expectations that played a significant role in the Diaspora Revolt. The motivations behind the revolts are complex and not easily discernible due to the lack of direct sources addressing the underlying causes.