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The Yenisey [8] (/ ˌ j ɛ n ɪ ˈ s eɪ / YEN-iss-AY; Russian: Енисе́й, pronounced [jɪnʲɪˈsʲej]) [a] is the fifth-longest river system in the world, and the largest to drain into the Arctic Ocean.
Yeniseian languages are considered a language isolate as they are unrelated to any known language families from the so-called Old World. In recent years there have been proposals to include them in a hypothetical Dené–Yeniseian language family , as Yeniseian languages might be distantly related to Na-Dené languages of North America.
The Yenisei Inscriptions are a series of Old Turkic inscriptions from the 8th-10th century CE, found near Yenisei Kyrgyz kurgans located in the Upper and Middle basins of the Yenisei River in modern-day Russia in Khakassia, Tuva and the Altai Republic.
Yenisei Kyrgyz inscriptions in the eighth century and later are written completely in the Turkic language and Tang Chinese sources clearly state that the Kyrgyz wrote and spoke a language identical to the Uyghurs. Drompp states that there is no reason to assume the Kyrgyz were non-Turkic in origin, although such a possibility cannot be discounted.
As part of the proposed Dené–Yeniseian language family, the Yeniseian languages have been argued to be part of "the first demonstration of a genealogical link between Old World and New World language families that meets the standards of traditional comparative-historical linguistics". [2] The only surviving language of the group today is Ket.
The Tashtyk culture [a] was a Late Iron Age archaeological culture that flourished in the Yenisei valley in Siberia from the 1st century CE to the 4th century CE. Located in the Minusinsk Depression, environs of modern Krasnoyarsk, eastern part of Kemerovo Oblast, it was preceded by the Tagar culture and the Tesinsky culture.
The Ket people share their origin with other Yeniseian people and are closely related to other Indigenous people of Siberia and Indigenous peoples of the Americas. They belong mostly to Y-DNA haplogroup Q-M242. [4] According to a 2016 study, the Ket and other Yeniseian people originated likely somewhere near the Altai Mountains or near Lake Baikal.
The Yenisei Kyrgyz, whose 9–10th century migration to the Tienshan area was of "particularly great importance for the formative process" of the Kyrgyz, [47] have their origins in the western parts of modern-day Mongolia and first appear in written records in the Chinese annals of the Sima Qian's Records of the Grand Historian (compiled 109-91 ...