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  2. Biological roles of the elements - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biological_roles_of_the...

    Is a (presumably essential) component of a few bacterial enzymes, and is the heaviest biologically essential element. [67] Appears to be essential in ATP metabolism of some thermophilic archaea. Can substitute for molybdenum in some proteins. Some plants hyperaccumulate it, though its function is unknown. [11] Toxic, at least to animals, in ...

  3. Vitality - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vitality

    To experience vitality is regarded as a basic psychological drive and, in philosophy, a component to the will to live. As such, people seek to maximize their vitality or their experience of vitality—that which corresponds to an enhanced physiological capacity and mental state. [3]

  4. Phospholipid - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phospholipid

    Phosphatidylcholine is the major component of lecithin. It is also a source for choline in the synthesis of acetylcholine in cholinergic neurons. Phospholipids [ 1 ] are a class of lipids whose molecule has a hydrophilic "head" containing a phosphate group and two hydrophobic "tails" derived from fatty acids , joined by an alcohol residue ...

  5. Tight junction - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tight_junction

    [13] [14] Recently, JAMs were implicated as a vital component of the Leukocyte adhesion cascade. This allows Leukocytes to migrate out of the blood stream and into neighboring tissues by interacting with JAMs at the tight junction. [15] Angulins were discovered in 2011 by visual screening of proteins which localize at tricellular tight ...

  6. Lipid - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lipid

    In addition to serving as a primary component of cellular membranes and binding sites for intra- and intercellular proteins, some glycerophospholipids in eukaryotic cells, such as phosphatidylinositols and phosphatidic acids are either precursors of or, themselves, membrane-derived second messengers.

  7. Cell membrane - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cell_membrane

    Illustration of a eukaryotic cell membrane Comparison of a eukaryotic vs. a prokaryotic cell membrane. The cell membrane (also known as the plasma membrane or cytoplasmic membrane, and historically referred to as the plasmalemma) is a biological membrane that separates and protects the interior of a cell from the outside environment (the extracellular space).

  8. Vital capacity - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vital_capacity

    Vital capacity (VC) is the maximum amount of air a person can expel from the lungs after a maximum inhalation. It is equal to the sum of inspiratory reserve volume, tidal volume, and expiratory reserve volume. It is approximately equal to Forced Vital Capacity (FVC). [1] [2] A person's vital capacity can be measured by a wet or regular spirometer.

  9. Microorganism - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microorganism

    Microbes are a vital component of fertile soil. In the human body, microorganisms make up the human microbiota, including the essential gut flora. The pathogens responsible for many infectious diseases are microbes and, as such, are the target of hygiene measures.