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The 100 species with longest life-spans recorded and verified [1]. This is a list of the longest-living biological organisms: the individual(s) (or in some instances, clones) of a species with the longest natural maximum life spans.
Extending telomeres can allow cells to divide more and increase the risk of uncontrolled cell growth and cancer development. [24] A study conducted by Johns Hopkins University challenged the idea that long telomeres prevent aging. Rather than protecting cells from aging, long telomeres help cells with age-related mutations last longer. [13]
The differences in life span between species demonstrate the role of genetics in determining maximum life span ("rate of aging"). The records (in years) are these: for common house mouse, 4 [29] for Brown rat, 3.8 [30] for dogs, 29 (See List of longest-living dogs) [31] for cats, 38 (See List of longest-living cats) [32] for common cranes, 43 [33]
In cellular automata, a methuselah is a small "seed" pattern of initial live cells that take a large number of generations in order to stabilize. More specifically, Martin Gardner defines them as patterns of fewer than ten live cells which take longer than 50 generations to stabilize, [ 1 ] although some patterns that are larger than ten cells ...
Among the most commonly used cell lines are HeLa and Jurkat, both of which are immortalized cancer cell lines. [4] These cells have been and still are widely used in biological research such as creation of the polio vaccine, [5] sex hormone steroid research, [6] and cell metabolism. [7] Embryonic stem cells and germ cells have also been ...
HeLa cells have been used to study expression of the papillomavirus E2 and apoptosis. [34] HeLa cells have also been used to study the ability of the canine distemper virus to induce apoptosis in cancer cell lines, [35] which could play an important role in developing treatments for tumor cells resistant to radiation and chemotherapy. [35]
Cells are the basic unit of structure in every living thing, and all cells arise from pre-existing cells by division. [ 142 ] [ 143 ] Cell theory was formulated by Henri Dutrochet , Theodor Schwann , Rudolf Virchow and others during the early nineteenth century, and subsequently became widely accepted. [ 144 ]
Multicellular organisms, especially long-living animals, face the challenge of cancer, which occurs when cells fail to regulate their growth within the normal program of development. Changes in tissue morphology can be observed during this process.