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Prior to Apollo, Lovell flew in space on two Gemini missions, Gemini 7 (with Borman) in 1965 and Gemini 12 in 1966. He was the first person to fly into space four times. One of 24 people to have flown to the Moon, Lovell was the first to fly to it twice.
Lovell before the launch, in the special G5C space suit, which had a zippered hood with a visor instead of a solid helmet. Gemini 7 was originally intended to fly after Gemini 6, but the original Gemini 6 mission was cancelled after the failure during launch of the Agena Target Vehicle with which it was meant to rendezvous and dock. The ...
The Gemini 8 mission was dramatized in episode 1 "Can We Do This?", of the 1998 HBO miniseries From the Earth to the Moon, and in the 2018 Armstrong biopic, First Man. The story of the mission is told from the point of view of a fictional mission controller in the TV series For All Mankind (2021, Season 2, Episode 8).
Borman commanded the Gemini 7 mission in December 1965. On this mission he and Lovell spent two weeks in space, during which they performed the first space rendezvous with Gemini 6A. After the January 1967 Apollo 1 fire in which astronauts Grissom, White, and Roger Chaffee died, he was the astronaut representative on the accident investigation ...
Gemini 12 (officially Gemini XII) [3] was a 1966 crewed spaceflight in NASA's Project Gemini. It was the 10th and final crewed Gemini flight ( Gemini 1 and Gemini 2 were uncrewed missions), the 18th crewed American spaceflight, and the 26th spaceflight of all time, including X-15 flights over 100 kilometers (54 nmi).
The Gemini astronauts were sixteen pilots who flew in Project Gemini, NASA's second human spaceflight program, between projects Mercury and Apollo. Carrying two astronauts at a time, a senior command pilot and a junior pilot, the Gemini spacecraft was used for ten crewed missions. Four of the sixteen astronauts flew twice.
The crews also discussed the possibility of Stafford performing an EVA from 6A to 7, swapping places with Gemini 7 pilot Jim Lovell, but the commander of Gemini 7, Frank Borman, objected, pointing out that it would require Lovell to wear an uncomfortable EVA suit on a long-duration mission. [8]
This would also be the first case of a commander of a previous mission (Lovell, Gemini XII) flying as a non-commander. [20] [21] This was also the first mission to reunite crewmates from a previous mission (Lovell and Borman, Gemini VII). As of June 2024, James Lovell is the last surviving Apollo 8 astronaut.