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The chart portion of the forest plot will be on the right hand side and will indicate the mean difference in effect between the test and control groups in the studies. A more precise rendering of the data shows up in number form in the text of each line, while a somewhat less precise graphic representation shows up in chart form on the right.
An odds ratio greater than 1 indicates that the condition or event is more likely to occur in the first group. And an odds ratio less than 1 indicates that the condition or event is less likely to occur in the first group. The odds ratio must be nonnegative if it is defined. It is undefined if p 2 q 1 equals zero, i.e., if p 2 equals zero or q ...
Formula Value Absolute risk increase ARI EER − CER: 0.1, or 10% Number needed to harm: NNH 1 / (EER − CER) 10 Relative risk (risk ratio) RR EER / CER: 1.25 Relative risk increase RRI (EER − CER) / CER, or RR − 1 0.25, or 25% Attributable fraction among the exposed: AF e (EER − CER) / EER: 0.2 Odds ratio: OR (EE / EN) / (CE / CN) 1.5
and = / / = While the prevalence is only 9% (9/100), the odds ratio (OR) is equal to 11.3 and the relative risk (RR) is equal to 7.2. Despite fulfilling the rare disease assumption overall, the OR and RR can hardly be considered to be approximately the same. However, the prevalence in the exposed group is 40%, which means is not sufficiently small
Frequently used measures of risk and benefit identified by Jerkel, Katz and Elmore, [4] describe measures of risk difference (attributable risk), rate difference (often expressed as the odds ratio or relative risk), population attributable risk (PAR), and the relative risk reduction, which can be recalculated into a measure of absolute benefit ...
In medical testing with binary classification, the diagnostic odds ratio (DOR) is a measure of the effectiveness of a diagnostic test. [1] It is defined as the ratio of the odds of the test being positive if the subject has a disease relative to the odds of the test being positive if the subject does not have the disease.
Formula Value Absolute risk reduction : ARR CER − EER: 0.3, or 30% Number needed to treat: NNT 1 / (CER − EER) 3.33 Relative risk (risk ratio) RR EER / CER: 0.25 Relative risk reduction: RRR (CER − EER) / CER, or 1 − RR: 0.75, or 75% Preventable fraction among the unexposed: PFu (CER − EER) / CER: 0.75 Odds ratio: OR (EE / EN) / (CE ...
In epidemiology, the attack rate is the proportion of an at-risk population that contracts the disease during a specified time interval. [1] It is used in hypothetical predictions and during actual outbreaks of disease.