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In Unix-like operating systems, find is a command-line utility that locates files based on some user-specified criteria and either prints the pathname of each matched object or, if another action is requested, performs that action on each matched object.
In the above example, the find utility feeds the input of xargs with a long list of file names. xargs then splits this list into sublists and calls rm once for every sublist. Some implementations of xargs can also be used to parallelize operations with the -P maxprocs argument to specify how many parallel processes should be used to execute the ...
The script findPhoneNumbers.sh can be read, written to, and executed by the user dgerman; read and executed by members of the staff group; and only read by any other users. The main parts of the chmod permissions: For example: rwxr-x---Each group of three characters define permissions for each class:
A NIS/YP system maintains and distributes a central directory of user and group information, hostnames, e-mail aliases and other text-based tables of information in a computer network. For example, in a common UNIX environment, the list of users for identification is placed in /etc/passwd and secret authentication hashes in /etc/shadow.
Kernel support for interpreter directives spread to other versions of Unix, and one modern implementation can be seen in the Linux kernel source in fs/binfmt_script.c. [31] This mechanism allows scripts to be used in virtually any context normal compiled programs can be, including as full system programs, and even as interpreters of other scripts.
grep is a command-line utility for searching plaintext datasets for lines that match a regular expression.Its name comes from the ed command g/re/p (global regular expression search and print), which has the same effect.
A shell script (or job) can report progress of long running tasks to the interactive user. Unix/Linux systems may offer other tools support using progress indicators from scripts or as standalone-commands, such as the program "pv". [49] These are not integrated features of the shells, however.
S/KEY is a one-time password system developed for authentication to Unix-like operating systems, especially from dumb terminals or untrusted public computers on which one does not want to type a long-term password. A user's real password is combined in an offline device with a short set of characters and a decrementing counter to form a single ...