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Croesus (/ ˈ k r iː s ə s / KREE-səs; Phrygian: Akriaewais; [1] Ancient Greek: Κροῖσος, romanized: Kroisos; Latin: Croesus; reigned: c. 585 – c. 546 BC [2]) was the king of Lydia, who reigned from 585 BC until his defeat by the Persian king Cyrus the Great in 547 or 546 BC.
The Croeseid, anciently Kroiseioi stateres, was a type of coin, either in gold or silver, which was minted in Sardis by the king of Lydia Croesus (561–546 BC) from around 550 BC. Croesus is credited with issuing the first true gold coins with a standardised purity for general circulation, [1] and the world's first bimetallic monetary system. [1]
Croesus, aka Kroisos (c.585–546 BC; son of Alyattes) [18] [19] Gyges died in battle c.644 BCE, fighting against the Cimmerians, and was succeeded by Ardys. [9] The most successful king was Alyattes, under whom Lydia reached its peak of power and prosperity. [20] Croesus was defeated by Cyrus the Great at the battles of Pteria and Thymbra.
Alyattes' son was Croesus (Reigned c.560–c.546 BC), who became associated with great wealth. Croesus is credited with issuing the Croeseid , the first true gold coins with a standardised purity for general circulation, [ 50 ] and the world's first bimetallic monetary system circa 550 BC.
Croesus' wealth had repercussions on a number of Asian cultures in a vein similar to his fame in the western cultures, and is referred to either as قارون Qārūn (Arabic, Persian) or Kârun , or Korah, with the mythical proportions of his fortune also echoed in various ways, parallel to the English language expression "as rich as Croesus". [3]
Portrait of Croesus, last King of Lydia, Attic red-figure amphora, painted c. 500–490 BCE.. Material in the way of historical accounts of themselves found to date is scarce; the knowledge on Lydians largely rely on the impressed but mixed accounts of ancient Greek writers.
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