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Quinine is a medication used to treat malaria and babesiosis. [5] ... In 1853 Paul Briquet published a brief history and discussion of the literature on "quinquina".
In the United States, the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) limits the quinine content in tonic water to 83 ppm [8] (83 mg per liter), while the daily therapeutic dose of quinine is in the range of 500–1000 mg, [9] and 10 mg/kg every eight hours for effective malaria prevention (2,100 mg daily for a 70-kilogram (150 lb) adult). [10]
Quinine remained the first-line antimalarial drug of choice until the 1940s, when other drugs replaced it. Until recently Chloroquine was the most widely used antimalarial drug. [ citation needed ] Warburg's Tincture was included in Burroughs Wellcome & Company 's tabloid medicine cases of the late 19th and early 20th centuries.
The treatment regimen of quinine is complex and is determined largely by the parasite's level of resistance and the reason for drug therapy (i.e. acute treatment or prophylaxis). The World Health Organization recommendation for quinine is 20 mg/kg the first dose and 10 mg/kg every eight hours for five days where parasites are sensitive to ...
Hypersensitivity to quinine, mefloquine, quinidine, or dextromethorphan/quinidine with a history of thrombocytopenia, hepatitis, bone marrow depression or lupus-like syndrome induced by these drugs; QT interval, prolonged or congenital long QT syndrome or a history suggesting torsades de pointes
Quinine sulfate 300 to 325 mg once daily: this regimen is effective but not routinely used because of the unpleasant side effects of quinine. Prophylaxis against Plasmodium vivax requires a different approach given the long liver stage of this parasite. [11] This is a highly specialist area.
Pucciarini was instrumental in the drug's distribution, and published the Schedula Romana giving directions for its use as early as 1651. In his friend Honoré Fabri , a French Jesuit, who stayed for a time in Rome, de Lugo won a determined defender of the bark against the first anticinchona pamphlet written by the Brussels doctor Jean-Jacques ...
The total synthesis of quinine, a naturally-occurring antimalarial drug, was developed over a 150-year period. The development of synthetic quinine is considered a milestone in organic chemistry although it has never been produced industrially as a substitute for natural occurring quinine.