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The Winograd schema challenge (WSC) is a test of machine intelligence proposed in 2012 by Hector Levesque, a computer scientist at the University of Toronto.Designed to be an improvement on the Turing test, it is a multiple-choice test that employs questions of a very specific structure: they are instances of what are called Winograd schemas, named after Terry Winograd, professor of computer ...
The MMLU was released by Dan Hendrycks and a team of researchers in 2020 [3] and was designed to be more challenging than then-existing benchmarks such as General Language Understanding Evaluation (GLUE) on which new language models were achieving better-than-human accuracy.
Since the Turing test is a test of indistinguishability in performance capacity, the verbal version generalizes naturally to all of human performance capacity, verbal as well as nonverbal (robotic). [3] The test was introduced by Turing in his 1950 paper "Computing Machinery and Intelligence" while working at the University of Manchester. [4]
In cases of test-giver mistakes, the usual result is that tests are scored too leniently, giving the test-taker a higher IQ score than the test-taker's performance justifies. On the other hand, some test-givers err by showing a " halo effect ", with low-IQ individuals receiving IQ scores even lower than if standardized procedures were followed ...
Human performance modeling (HPM) is a method of quantifying human behavior, cognition, and processes.It is a tool used by human factors researchers and practitioners for both the analysis of human function and for the development of systems designed for optimal user experience and interaction . [1]
An intelligence quotient (IQ) is a total score derived from a set of standardized tests or subtests designed to assess human intelligence. [1] Originally, IQ was a score obtained by dividing a person's mental age score, obtained by administering an intelligence test, by the person's chronological age, both expressed in terms of years and months.
BLEU (bilingual evaluation understudy) is an algorithm for evaluating the quality of text which has been machine-translated from one natural language to another. Quality is considered to be the correspondence between a machine's output and that of a human: "the closer a machine translation is to a professional human translation, the better it is" – this is the central idea behind BLEU.
Human feedback is commonly collected by prompting humans to rank instances of the agent's behavior. [15] [17] [18] These rankings can then be used to score outputs, for example, using the Elo rating system, which is an algorithm for calculating the relative skill levels of players in a game based only on the outcome of each game. [3]