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Collapsed Ordovician limestone bank showing coastal erosion. NW Osmussaar, Estonia. Coastal geography is the study of the constantly changing region between the ocean and the land, incorporating both the physical geography (i.e. coastal geomorphology, climatology and oceanography) and the human geography (sociology and history) of the coast.
The term coastal zone is used to refer to a region where interactions of sea and land processes occur. [10] Both the terms coast and coastal are often used to describe a geographic location or region located on a coastline (e.g., New Zealand's West Coast, or the East, West, and Gulf Coast of the United States.)
A marine coastal ecosystem is a marine ecosystem which occurs where the land meets the ocean. Worldwide there is about 620,000 kilometres (390,000 mi) of coastline. Coastal habitats extend to the margins of the continental shelves, occupying about 7 percent of the ocean surface area.
Coastal plains can form in one of two ways; some begin as a continental shelf, a flat piece of land located below sea level, and are created when the ocean level falls, exposing the land. Others develop when river currents carry sediment into the ocean, which is deposited and builds up over time until it forms a coastal plain.
A headland, also known as a head, is a coastal landform, a point of land usually high and often with a sheer drop, that extends into a body of water. It is a type of promontory. A headland of considerable size often is called a cape. [1] Headlands are characterised by high, breaking waves, rocky shores, intense erosion, and steep sea cliff.
Regional geography is still taught in some universities as a study of the major regions of the world. In the Western Hemisphere, these may be cultural regions such as Northern and Latin America, or their corresponding geographic regions or continents, namely North and South America, whose "boundaries" differ significantly from the cultural regions.
Cape (geography) Cascadia Channel; Channel (geography) Chenier; Chevron (land form) Cliff; Cliff-top dune; Cliffed coast; Coast; Coastal plain; Coastal waterfall; Cold seep; Continental shelf; Continental shelf of Chile; Coral reef; Cowaramup Bombora; Cuspate foreland; Cyclic steps
Coast; Coastal dune; Coastal erosion; Coastal flooding; Coastal management; Coastal meadow; Coastal morphodynamics; Coastal sediment supply; Coastline paradox; Concordant coastline; Continental margin; Continental shelf; Cromer Shoal Chalk Beds; Current (hydrology) Cuspate foreland