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There are a number of potential treatments for spasmodic dysphonia, including Botox, voice therapy, and surgery. [34] A number of medications have also been tried including anticholinergics (such as benztropine) which have been found to be effective in 40–50% of people, but which are associated with a number of side effects. [35]
The human vocal cords are roughly 12 – 24 mm in length, and 3–5 mm thick. [9] Histologically, the human vocal cords are a laminated structure composed of five different layers. The vocalis muscle, main body of the vocal cords, is covered by the mucosa, which consists of the epithelium and the lamina propria. [10]
Vocal fold nodules are thought to be the result of vocal fold tissue trauma caused by excessive mechanical stress. [1] [2] [5] During phonation, the vocal folds undergo many forms of mechanical stress. One example of such stress is the impact stress caused by the collision between the left and right vocal fold surfaces during vibration. [2]
Stroboscopy allows the visualization of vocal cord movement, which vibrate too quickly for human eye to perceive. [15] When assessing the vocal cords, the most common finding in MTD is a posterior glottic gap. [2] Other findings include increased movement of the vocal folds towards one another, and changes in the angles of the vocal fold ...
Vocal cord dysfunction (VCD) is a condition affecting the vocal cords. [1] It is characterized by abnormal closure of the vocal folds, which can result in significant difficulties and distress during breathing , particularly during inhalation .
A videostroboscopy is an examination of the vocal folds using flashes of light to slow down the image of the vocal fold movement enough to provide a sharp picture of the phases of the movement cycle (mucosal wave.) [13] This procedure provides information about vocal fold vibrations during speech, vocal intensity and vocal frequency. [11]
Accumulation of fluid within the Reinke's space alters the elasticity of the vocal cord, making it less stiff and more gelatinous. This slows the vocal cord vibration, which results in a deepened and hoarse voice. Because men normally have a lower voice than women, the change is more noticeable in women. [13] Edema usually occurs on both vocal ...
Falsetto (/ f ɔː l ˈ s ɛ t oʊ, f ɒ l-/ fawl-SET-oh, fol-, Italian:; Italian diminutive of falso, "false") is the vocal register occupying the frequency range just above the modal voice register and overlapping with it by approximately one octave. It is produced by the vibration of the ligamentous edges of the vocal cords, in