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The VIX is the 30-day expected volatility of the SP500 index, more precisely the square root of a 30-day expected realized variance of the index. It is calculated as a weighted average of out-of-the-money call and put options on the S&P 500:
Performance of VIX (left) compared to past volatility (right) as 30-day volatility predictors, for the period of Jan 1990-Sep 2009. Volatility is measured as the standard deviation of S&P500 one-day returns over a month's period. The blue lines indicate linear regressions, resulting in the correlation coefficients r shown. Note that VIX has ...
Implied Volatility Index was introduced in 1998 and it is a registered trade mark of IVolatility.com. 1998 – Implied Volatility Index measure was introduced for 30 day term for US equity markets; 2000 – Additional IV Index terms were added: 60, 90, 120, 150, 180, 360, 720; 2002 – Coverage of IV Index is expanded to European Markets
Calculating fair value: By comparing implied volatility with historical volatility, you can determine whether an option is fairly priced. If IV is significantly higher than HV, it may suggest that ...
An important factor is the underlying instrument's volatility. Volatility in underlying prices increase the likelihood and magnitude of a gain in IV, thus enhancing the option's value and stimulating option demand. Numerically, this value depends on the time until the expiration date and the volatility of the underlying instrument's price.
The volatility is the degree of its price fluctuations. A share which fluctuates 5% on either side on daily basis has more volatility than stable blue chip shares whose fluctuation is more benign at 2–3%. Volatility affects calls and puts alike. Higher volatility increases the option premium because of the greater risk it brings to the seller.
The realized volatility is the square root of the realized variance, or the square root of the RV multiplied by a suitable constant to bring the measure of volatility to an annualized scale. For instance, if the RV is computed as the sum of squared daily returns for some month, then an annualized realized volatility is given by 252 × R V ...
Here the price of the option is its discounted expected value; see risk neutrality and rational pricing. The technique applied then, is (1) to generate a large number of possible, but random, price paths for the underlying (or underlyings) via simulation, and (2) to then calculate the associated exercise value (i.e. "payoff") of the option for ...