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The Diffuse Supernova Neutrino Background (DSNB) is a cosmic background of (anti)neutrinos formed by the accumulation of neutrinos emitted from all past core-collapse supernovae. [1] Their existence was predicted even before the observation of supernova neutrinos. [42] DSNB can be used to study physics on the cosmological scale. [43]
The SuperNova Early Warning System (SNEWS) is a network of neutrino detectors designed to give early warning to astronomers in the event of a supernova in the Milky Way, our home galaxy, or in a nearby galaxy such as the Large Magellanic Cloud or the Canis Major Dwarf Galaxy. As of March 2021, [1] SNEWS has
An individual supernova will release as many as neutrinos, which is detectable as a short burst of events on Earth provided that the supernova occurred close by enough, either within our own galaxy or one of its satellite galaxies; the only current example of which is SN1987A. In contrast, the DSNB is a continuous source of neutrinos ...
Because neutrinos rarely interact with normal matter, they can escape from the core, carrying away energy and further accelerating the collapse, which proceeds over a timescale of milliseconds. As the core detaches from the outer layers of the star, some of these neutrinos are absorbed by the star's outer layers, beginning the supernova explosion.
It was designed to be a low-cost, low-maintenance detector [5] with limited capabilities [6]: 38 sufficient for the burst of neutrinos generated by a nearby supernova. Its major components are left over from other decommissioned experiments: 76 tons of lead from an earlier cosmic-ray experiment, and 128 three-metre-long helium-3 neutron ...
The core collapse phase of a supernova is an extremely dense and energetic event. It is so dense that no known particles are able to escape the advancing core front except for neutrinos. Consequently, supernovae are known to release approximately 99% of their radiant energy in a short (10-second) burst of neutrinos. [110]
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The supernova was a Type Ic supernova, similar to SN 1998bw, the first supernova linked to a GRB. Lightning detectors in India and Germany picked up signs that the Earth's ionosphere was perturbed for several hours by the burst, though only mildly, [ 37 ] [ 17 ] [ 4 ] as well as an enormous influx of electrically charged particles, [ 38 ...