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The Yokuts were reduced by around 93% between 1850 and 1900, with many of the survivors being forced into indentured servitude sanctioned by the so-called "California State Act for the Government and Protection of Indians". A few Valley Yokuts remain, the most prominent tribe among them being the Tachi Yokut.
The Tamcan spoke the Delta Yokuts language. The first Delta Yokuts vocabulary was recorded at Pleasanton, California by Alphonse Pinart in 1880. Pinart called the language "Tcholovones, or better Colovomnes" and wrote that it was a variant on the "Tulareños" languages spoken on the San Joaquin River and at Tulare Lake (now known to be the Yokuts language family).
The speakers of Yokuts were severely affected by disease, missionaries, and the Gold Rush. While descendants of Yokuts speakers currently number in the thousands, all constituent dialects apart from Valley Yokuts are now extinct. Map of Yokuts with dialects indicated. The Yawelmani dialect of Valley Yokuts has been a focus of much linguistic ...
Chukchansi (Chuk'chansi) is a dialect of Valley Yokuts spoken in and around the Picayune Rancheria of Chukchansi Indians, in the San Joaquin Valley of California, by the Chukchansi band of Yokuts. As of 2011, there were eight native semi-speakers. [1]
The Wukchumni spoke traditionally a dialect of the Tule-Kaweah Yokuts language, also called Wukchumni. Marie Wilcox, born 1933, was the last native speaker of Wukchumni. She died October 7, 2021. [3] In the early 2000s, she and her daughter Jennifer Malone aimed to create a Wukchumni dictionary.
Tuhohi (also called Tohohai or Tuhohayi) was a similar dialect, spoken by a tribe who "lived among channels and sloughs of Kern River where they enter Tulare Lake." [5] A variety of the Barbareño language "was heavily influenced by Buena Vista Yokuts." This language was called Emigdiano, as it was "spoken at San Emigdio near Buena Vista Lake." [6]
Valley Yokuts is a dialect cluster of the Yokuts language of California. Chukchansi , which is still spoken natively, has language classes and a preschool for children. It is also taught at a local elementary school.
Yawelmani Yokuts (also spelled Yowlumne and Yauelmani) is an endangered dialect of Southern Valley Yokuts historically spoken by the Yokuts living along the Kern River north of Kern Lake in the Central Valley of California. [2] Today, most Yawelmani speakers live on or near the Tule River Reservation. [3]