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The heart is the driver of the circulatory system, pumping blood through rhythmic contraction and relaxation. The rate of blood flow out of the heart (often expressed in L/min) is known as the cardiac output (CO). Blood being pumped out of the heart first enters the aorta, the largest artery of the body.
In vertebrates, the circulatory system is a system of organs that includes the heart, blood vessels, and blood which is circulated throughout the body. [1] [2] It includes the cardiovascular system, or vascular system, that consists of the heart and blood vessels (from Greek kardia meaning heart, and Latin vascula meaning vessels).
An experiment from Harvey's Exercitatio Anatomica de Motu Cordis et Sanguinis in Animalibus. Exercitatio Anatomica de Motu Cordis et Sanguinis in Animalibus (Latin, 'An Anatomical Exercise on the Motion of the Heart and Blood in Living Beings'), commonly called De Motu Cordis, is the best-known work of the physician William Harvey, which was first published in 1628 and established the ...
When a joint can move forward and backward, such as the neck and trunk, flexion is movement in the anterior direction. [10] When the chin is against the chest, the neck is flexed, and the trunk is flexed when a person leans forward. [10] Flexion of the shoulder or hip is movement of the arm or leg forward. [11]
In 1920, August Krogh was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for his discovering the mechanism of regulation of capillaries in skeletal muscle. [6] [7] Krogh was the first to describe the adaptation of blood perfusion in muscle and other organs according to demands through the opening and closing of arterioles and capillaries.
Given the proposed manner of action of the muscle pump to increase arterial blood flow, it would seem impossible for a muscle contraction and skeletal muscle hyperemia to be uncoupled. Another experiment recently was only able to find evidence that vasodilation , not the skeletal muscle pump, was responsible for maintaining proper pressure and ...
As they proceed forward and in their course are joined by other capillaries, they grow larger and first take on an adventitia, and then smooth muscles. The lymphatic conducting system broadly consists of two types of channels—the initial lymphatics , the prelymphatics or lymph capillaries that specialize in collection of the lymph from the ...
The flow profiles was first derived by John R. Womersley (1907–1958) in his work with blood flow in arteries. [1] The cardiovascular system of chordate animals is a very good example where pulsatile flow is found, but pulsatile flow is also observed in engines and hydraulic systems , as a result of rotating mechanisms pumping the fluid.