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The introduction of the transistor is often considered one of the most important inventions in history. [1] [2] Transistors are broadly classified into two categories: bipolar junction transistor (BJT) and field-effect transistor (FET). [3] The principle of a field-effect transistor was proposed by Julius Edgar Lilienfeld in 1925. [4]
The metal–oxide–semiconductor field-effect transistor (MOSFET, MOS-FET, or MOS FET), also known as the metal–oxide–silicon transistor (MOS transistor, or MOS), [71] is a type of field-effect transistor that is fabricated by the controlled oxidation of a semiconductor, typically silicon.
Heil is mentioned as the inventor of an early transistor-like device (see also History of the transistor), based on several patents that were issued to him. [3] [4] Erno Borbely states the following: "Field-effect transistors (FETs) have been around for a long time; in fact, they were invented, at least theoretically, before the bipolar ...
The SB-FET (Schottky-barrier field-effect transistor) is a field-effect transistor with metallic source and drain contact electrodes, which create Schottky barriers at both the source-channel and drain-channel interfaces. [64] [65] The GFET is a highly sensitive graphene-based field effect transistor used as biosensors and chemical sensors.
The three scientists were jointly awarded the 1956 Nobel Prize in Physics for "their researches on semiconductors and their discovery of the transistor effect". [1] Partly as a result of Shockley's attempts to commercialize a new transistor design in the 1950s and 1960s, California's Silicon Valley became a hotbed of electronics innovation. He ...
The floating body effect is the effect of dependence of the body potential of a transistor realized by the silicon on insulator (SOI) technology on the history of its biasing and the carrier recombination processes. The transistor's body forms a capacitor against the insulated substrate.
John Bardeen (/ b ɑːr ˈ d iː n /; May 23, 1908 – January 30, 1991) [2] was an American mathematical physicist and electrical engineer.He is the only person to be awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics twice: first in 1956 with William Shockley and Walter Brattain for the invention of the transistor; and again in 1972 with Leon N. Cooper and John Robert Schrieffer for a fundamental theory of ...
Julius Edgar Lilienfeld (April 18, 1882 – August 28, 1963) was an Austro-Hungarian-American physicist and electrical engineer, who has been credited with the first patent on the field-effect transistor (FET) (1925). He was never able to build a working practical semiconducting device based on this concept.