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Congenital rubella syndrome (CRS) occurs when a human fetus is infected with the rubella virus (German measles) via maternal-fetal transmission and develops birth defects. [1] The most common congenital defects affect the ophthalmologic, cardiac, auditory, and neurologic systems.
Rubella (non-congenital) and congenital rubella syndrome: Rubella and congenital rubella syndrome: Rubella: Rubella: Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome: Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome: Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome: Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome: Smallpox (Last cases in 1977) Smallpox (eradicated by the WHO) Smallpox (and certified by ...
Rubella virus (RuV) is the pathogenic agent of the disease rubella, transmitted only between humans via the respiratory route, and is the main cause of congenital rubella syndrome when infection occurs during the first weeks of pregnancy.
In the case of congenital rubella infection, there is no known cure. Therefore, the focus of treatment is disease prevention. The MMR vaccine is highly efficacious in preventing congenital rubella and is given routinely as a part of the pediatric vaccine schedule. [10] For neonates with congenital CMV infection, antiviral medication is given.
Pregnant women with Rubella are at risk of having a miscarriage or having a baby born with multiple birth defects due to Congenital rubella syndrome. It affected around 12.5 million people in the US. An estimated 11,000 pregnancies ended in miscarriage or stillbirth , just over 2,000 newborn babies died , and of those that survived around ...
The number of reported cases dropped from 670,000 in the year 2000 to below 15,000 in 2018, and the global coverage of rubella vaccination was estimated at 69% in 2018 by the WHO. [105] The WHO region of the Americas declared on 29 April 2015 it had eliminated rubella and congenital rubella syndrome. [106]
Progressive rubella panencephalitis (PRP) is a neurological disorder which may occur in a child with congenital rubella. [1] It is a slow viral infection of the brain characterized by chronic encephalitis, usually manifesting between 8–19 years of age. It is believed to be due to a persistence or reactivation of rubella virus infection.
Generalized infection may occur in the infant, and can cause complications such as low birth weight, microcephaly, seizures, petechial rash similar to the "blueberry muffin" rash of congenital rubella syndrome, and moderate hepatosplenomegaly (with jaundice). Though severe cases can be fatal, with supportive treatment most infants with CMV ...